Glycoconjugates as elicitors or suppressors of plant innate immunity

Alba Silipo; Gitte Erbs; Tomonori Shinya; J. Maxwell Dow; Michelangelo Parrilli; Rosa Lanzetta; Naoto Shibuya; Mari-Anne Newman; Antonio Molinaro

doi:10.1093/glycob/cwp201

Glycoconjugates as elicitors or suppressors of plant innate immunity

Alba Silipo, Gitte Erbs, Tomonori Shinya, J. Maxwell Dow, Michelangelo Parrilli, Rosa Lanzetta, Naoto Shibuya, Mari-Anne Newman, Antonio Molinaro

120 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Innate immunity is the first line of defense against invading microorganisms in vertebrates and the only line of defense in invertebrates and plants. Bacterial glycoconjugates, such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and peptidoglycan (PGN) from the cell walls of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and fungal and oomycete glycoconjugates such as oligosaccharides derived from the cell wall components β-glucan, chitin and chitosan, have been found to act as elicitors of plant innate immunity. These conserved indispensable microbe-specific molecules are also referred to as microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). Other glycoconjugates such as bacterial extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) and cyclic glucan have been shown to suppress innate immune responses, thus conversely promoting pathogenesis. MAMPs are recognized by the plant innate immune system though the action of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). A greater insight into the mechanisms of MAMP recognition and the description of PRRs for different microbial glycoconjugates will have considerable impact on the improvement of plant health and disease resistance. Here we review the current knowledge about the bacterial MAMPs LPS and PGN, the fungal MAMPs β-glucan, chitin and chitosan oligosaccharides and the bacterial suppressors EPS and cyclic glucan, with particular reference to the chemical structures of these molecules, the PRRs involved in their recognition (where these have been defined), and possible mechanisms underlying suppression.

Original language	English
Journal	Glycobiology
Volume	20
Issue number	4
Pages (from-to)	406-419
Number of pages	14
ISSN	0959-6658
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/glycob/cwp201
Publication status	Published - 17 Dec 2009

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title = "Glycoconjugates as elicitors or suppressors of plant innate immunity",

abstract = "Innate immunity is the first line of defense against invading microorganisms in vertebrates and the only line of defense in invertebrates and plants. Bacterial glycoconjugates, such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and peptidoglycan (PGN) from the cell walls of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and fungal and oomycete glycoconjugates such as oligosaccharides derived from the cell wall components β-glucan, chitin and chitosan, have been found to act as elicitors of plant innate immunity. These conserved indispensable microbe-specific molecules are also referred to as microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). Other glycoconjugates such as bacterial extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) and cyclic glucan have been shown to suppress innate immune responses, thus conversely promoting pathogenesis. MAMPs are recognized by the plant innate immune system though the action of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). A greater insight into the mechanisms of MAMP recognition and the description of PRRs for different microbial glycoconjugates will have considerable impact on the improvement of plant health and disease resistance. Here we review the current knowledge about the bacterial MAMPs LPS and PGN, the fungal MAMPs β-glucan, chitin and chitosan oligosaccharides and the bacterial suppressors EPS and cyclic glucan, with particular reference to the chemical structures of these molecules, the PRRs involved in their recognition (where these have been defined), and possible mechanisms underlying suppression.",

author = "Alba Silipo and Gitte Erbs and Tomonori Shinya and Dow, {J. Maxwell} and Michelangelo Parrilli and Rosa Lanzetta and Naoto Shibuya and Mari-Anne Newman and Antonio Molinaro",

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T1 - Glycoconjugates as elicitors or suppressors of plant innate immunity

AU - Silipo, Alba

AU - Erbs, Gitte

AU - Shinya, Tomonori

AU - Dow, J. Maxwell

AU - Parrilli, Michelangelo

AU - Lanzetta, Rosa

AU - Shibuya, Naoto

AU - Newman, Mari-Anne

AU - Molinaro, Antonio

PY - 2009/12/17

Y1 - 2009/12/17

N2 - Innate immunity is the first line of defense against invading microorganisms in vertebrates and the only line of defense in invertebrates and plants. Bacterial glycoconjugates, such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and peptidoglycan (PGN) from the cell walls of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and fungal and oomycete glycoconjugates such as oligosaccharides derived from the cell wall components β-glucan, chitin and chitosan, have been found to act as elicitors of plant innate immunity. These conserved indispensable microbe-specific molecules are also referred to as microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). Other glycoconjugates such as bacterial extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) and cyclic glucan have been shown to suppress innate immune responses, thus conversely promoting pathogenesis. MAMPs are recognized by the plant innate immune system though the action of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). A greater insight into the mechanisms of MAMP recognition and the description of PRRs for different microbial glycoconjugates will have considerable impact on the improvement of plant health and disease resistance. Here we review the current knowledge about the bacterial MAMPs LPS and PGN, the fungal MAMPs β-glucan, chitin and chitosan oligosaccharides and the bacterial suppressors EPS and cyclic glucan, with particular reference to the chemical structures of these molecules, the PRRs involved in their recognition (where these have been defined), and possible mechanisms underlying suppression.

AB - Innate immunity is the first line of defense against invading microorganisms in vertebrates and the only line of defense in invertebrates and plants. Bacterial glycoconjugates, such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and peptidoglycan (PGN) from the cell walls of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and fungal and oomycete glycoconjugates such as oligosaccharides derived from the cell wall components β-glucan, chitin and chitosan, have been found to act as elicitors of plant innate immunity. These conserved indispensable microbe-specific molecules are also referred to as microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). Other glycoconjugates such as bacterial extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) and cyclic glucan have been shown to suppress innate immune responses, thus conversely promoting pathogenesis. MAMPs are recognized by the plant innate immune system though the action of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). A greater insight into the mechanisms of MAMP recognition and the description of PRRs for different microbial glycoconjugates will have considerable impact on the improvement of plant health and disease resistance. Here we review the current knowledge about the bacterial MAMPs LPS and PGN, the fungal MAMPs β-glucan, chitin and chitosan oligosaccharides and the bacterial suppressors EPS and cyclic glucan, with particular reference to the chemical structures of these molecules, the PRRs involved in their recognition (where these have been defined), and possible mechanisms underlying suppression.

U2 - 10.1093/glycob/cwp201

DO - 10.1093/glycob/cwp201

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 20018942

SN - 0959-6658

VL - 20

SP - 406

EP - 419

JO - Glycobiology

JF - Glycobiology

IS - 4

ER -

Glycoconjugates as elicitors or suppressors of plant innate immunity

Abstract

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