Glial cells in (patho)physiology

Vladimir Parpura; Michael T. Heneka; Vedrana Montana; Stéphane H.R. Oliet; Arne Schousboe; Philip G. Haydon; Randy F. Stout Jr.; David C. Spray; Reichenbach Andreas; Thomas Pannicke; Milos Pekny; Marcela Pekna; Robert Zorec; Alexei Verkhratsky

doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07664.x

Glial cells in (patho)physiology

Vladimir Parpura, Michael T. Heneka, Vedrana Montana, Stéphane H.R. Oliet, Arne Schousboe, Philip G. Haydon, Randy F. Stout Jr., David C. Spray, Reichenbach Andreas, Thomas Pannicke, Milos Pekny, Marcela Pekna, Robert Zorec, Alexei Verkhratsky

373 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Neuroglial cells define brain homeostasis and mount defense against pathological insults. Astroglia regulate neurogenesis and development of brain circuits. In the adult brain, astrocytes enter into intimate dynamic relationship with neurons, especially at synaptic sites where they functionally form the tripartite synapse. At these sites, astrocytes regulate ion and neurotransmitter homeostasis, metabolically support neurons and monitor synaptic activity; one of the readouts of the latter manifests in astrocytic intracellular Ca ²⁺ signals. This form of astrocytic excitability can lead to release of chemical transmitters via Ca ²⁺-dependent exocytosis. Once in the extracellular space, gliotransmitters can modulate synaptic plasticity and cause changes in behavior. Besides these physiological tasks, astrocytes are fundamental for progression and outcome of neurological diseases. In Alzheimer's disease, for example, astrocytes may contribute to the etiology of this disorder. Highly lethal glial-derived tumors use signaling trickery to coerce normal brain cells to assist tumor invasiveness. This review not only sheds new light on the brain operation in health and disease, but also points to many unknowns.

Original language	English
Journal	Journal of Neurochemistry
Volume	121
Issue number	1
Pages (from-to)	4-27
Number of pages	24
ISSN	0022-3042
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07664.x
Publication status	Published - Apr 2012

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title = "Glial cells in (patho)physiology",

abstract = "Neuroglial cells define brain homeostasis and mount defense against pathological insults. Astroglia regulate neurogenesis and development of brain circuits. In the adult brain, astrocytes enter into intimate dynamic relationship with neurons, especially at synaptic sites where they functionally form the tripartite synapse. At these sites, astrocytes regulate ion and neurotransmitter homeostasis, metabolically support neurons and monitor synaptic activity; one of the readouts of the latter manifests in astrocytic intracellular Ca 2+ signals. This form of astrocytic excitability can lead to release of chemical transmitters via Ca 2+-dependent exocytosis. Once in the extracellular space, gliotransmitters can modulate synaptic plasticity and cause changes in behavior. Besides these physiological tasks, astrocytes are fundamental for progression and outcome of neurological diseases. In Alzheimer's disease, for example, astrocytes may contribute to the etiology of this disorder. Highly lethal glial-derived tumors use signaling trickery to coerce normal brain cells to assist tumor invasiveness. This review not only sheds new light on the brain operation in health and disease, but also points to many unknowns.",

author = "Vladimir Parpura and Heneka, {Michael T.} and Vedrana Montana and Oliet, {St{\'e}phane H.R.} and Arne Schousboe and Haydon, {Philip G.} and {Stout Jr.}, {Randy F.} and Spray, {David C.} and Reichenbach Andreas and Thomas Pannicke and Milos Pekny and Marcela Pekna and Robert Zorec and Alexei Verkhratsky",

year = "2012",

month = apr,

doi = "10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07664.x",

language = "English",

volume = "121",

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journal = "Journal of Neurochemistry",

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AU - Parpura, Vladimir

AU - Heneka, Michael T.

AU - Montana, Vedrana

AU - Oliet, Stéphane H.R.

AU - Schousboe, Arne

AU - Haydon, Philip G.

AU - Stout Jr., Randy F.

AU - Spray, David C.

AU - Andreas, Reichenbach

AU - Pannicke, Thomas

AU - Pekny, Milos

AU - Pekna, Marcela

AU - Zorec, Robert

AU - Verkhratsky, Alexei

PY - 2012/4

Y1 - 2012/4

N2 - Neuroglial cells define brain homeostasis and mount defense against pathological insults. Astroglia regulate neurogenesis and development of brain circuits. In the adult brain, astrocytes enter into intimate dynamic relationship with neurons, especially at synaptic sites where they functionally form the tripartite synapse. At these sites, astrocytes regulate ion and neurotransmitter homeostasis, metabolically support neurons and monitor synaptic activity; one of the readouts of the latter manifests in astrocytic intracellular Ca 2+ signals. This form of astrocytic excitability can lead to release of chemical transmitters via Ca 2+-dependent exocytosis. Once in the extracellular space, gliotransmitters can modulate synaptic plasticity and cause changes in behavior. Besides these physiological tasks, astrocytes are fundamental for progression and outcome of neurological diseases. In Alzheimer's disease, for example, astrocytes may contribute to the etiology of this disorder. Highly lethal glial-derived tumors use signaling trickery to coerce normal brain cells to assist tumor invasiveness. This review not only sheds new light on the brain operation in health and disease, but also points to many unknowns.

AB - Neuroglial cells define brain homeostasis and mount defense against pathological insults. Astroglia regulate neurogenesis and development of brain circuits. In the adult brain, astrocytes enter into intimate dynamic relationship with neurons, especially at synaptic sites where they functionally form the tripartite synapse. At these sites, astrocytes regulate ion and neurotransmitter homeostasis, metabolically support neurons and monitor synaptic activity; one of the readouts of the latter manifests in astrocytic intracellular Ca 2+ signals. This form of astrocytic excitability can lead to release of chemical transmitters via Ca 2+-dependent exocytosis. Once in the extracellular space, gliotransmitters can modulate synaptic plasticity and cause changes in behavior. Besides these physiological tasks, astrocytes are fundamental for progression and outcome of neurological diseases. In Alzheimer's disease, for example, astrocytes may contribute to the etiology of this disorder. Highly lethal glial-derived tumors use signaling trickery to coerce normal brain cells to assist tumor invasiveness. This review not only sheds new light on the brain operation in health and disease, but also points to many unknowns.

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DO - 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07664.x

M3 - Review

SN - 0022-3042

VL - 121

SP - 4

EP - 27

JO - Journal of Neurochemistry

JF - Journal of Neurochemistry

IS - 1

ER -

Glial cells in (patho)physiology

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