FXR is a molecular target for the effects of vertical sleeve gastrectomy

TY - JOUR

T1 - FXR is a molecular target for the effects of vertical sleeve gastrectomy

AU - Ryan, Karen K

AU - Tremaroli, Valentina

AU - Clemmensen, Christoffer

AU - Kovatcheva-Datchary, Petia

AU - Myronovych, Andriy

AU - Karns, Rebekah

AU - Wilson-Pérez, Hilary E

AU - Sandoval, Darleen A

AU - Kohli, Rohit

AU - Bäckhed, Fredrik

AU - Seeley, Randy J

PY - 2014/5/8

Y1 - 2014/5/8

N2 - Bariatric surgical procedures, such as vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG), are at present the most effective therapy for the treatment of obesity, and are associated with considerable improvements in co-morbidities, including type-2 diabetes mellitus. The underlying molecular mechanisms contributing to these benefits remain largely undetermined, despite offering the potential to reveal new targets for therapeutic intervention. Substantial changes in circulating total bile acids are known to occur after VSG. Moreover, bile acids are known to regulate metabolism by binding to the nuclear receptor FXR (farsenoid-X receptor, also known as NR1H4). We therefore examined the results of VSG surgery applied to mice with diet-induced obesity and targeted genetic disruption of FXR. Here we demonstrate that the therapeutic value of VSG does not result from mechanical restriction imposed by a smaller stomach. Rather, VSG is associated with increased circulating bile acids, and associated changes to gut microbial communities. Moreover, in the absence of FXR, the ability of VSG to reduce body weight and improve glucose tolerance is substantially reduced. These results point to bile acids and FXR signalling as an important molecular underpinning for the beneficial effects of this weight-loss surgery.

AB - Bariatric surgical procedures, such as vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG), are at present the most effective therapy for the treatment of obesity, and are associated with considerable improvements in co-morbidities, including type-2 diabetes mellitus. The underlying molecular mechanisms contributing to these benefits remain largely undetermined, despite offering the potential to reveal new targets for therapeutic intervention. Substantial changes in circulating total bile acids are known to occur after VSG. Moreover, bile acids are known to regulate metabolism by binding to the nuclear receptor FXR (farsenoid-X receptor, also known as NR1H4). We therefore examined the results of VSG surgery applied to mice with diet-induced obesity and targeted genetic disruption of FXR. Here we demonstrate that the therapeutic value of VSG does not result from mechanical restriction imposed by a smaller stomach. Rather, VSG is associated with increased circulating bile acids, and associated changes to gut microbial communities. Moreover, in the absence of FXR, the ability of VSG to reduce body weight and improve glucose tolerance is substantially reduced. These results point to bile acids and FXR signalling as an important molecular underpinning for the beneficial effects of this weight-loss surgery.

KW - Animals

KW - Bariatric Surgery

KW - Bile Acids and Salts

KW - Body Composition

KW - Cecum

KW - Feeding Behavior

KW - Gastrectomy

KW - Glucose Intolerance

KW - Glucose Tolerance Test

KW - Male

KW - Mice

KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL

KW - Obesity

KW - Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear

KW - Signal Transduction

KW - Stomach

KW - Weight Loss

KW - Journal Article

KW - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

KW - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

U2 - 10.1038/nature13135

DO - 10.1038/nature13135

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 24670636

SN - 0028-0836

VL - 509

SP - 183

EP - 188

JO - Nature

JF - Nature

IS - 7499

ER -