Fatal elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus-1 and -4 co-infection in a juvenile Asian elephant in Europe

Katharina  Seilern-Moy; Mads Frost Bertelsen; Páll S. Leifsson; Kathryn Louise Perrin; Jonathan  Haycock; Akbar Dastjerdi

doi:10.1099/jmmcr.0.005005

Fatal elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus-1 and -4 co-infection in a juvenile Asian elephant in Europe

Katharina Seilern-Moy, Mads Frost Bertelsen, Páll S. Leifsson, Kathryn Louise Perrin, Jonathan Haycock, Akbar Dastjerdi

Abstract

Introduction
Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus-1 (EEHV-1) is one of the major causes of fatality in juvenile Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). On occasions, other EEHV genotypes, i.e. EEHV-3, -4 and -5, have also been reported as the cause of Asian elephant deaths. In this case report we describe the investigation into a juvenile Asian elephant fatality in a European zoo.

Case Presentation:
A fatal case of haemorrhagic disease in a juvenile Asian elephant from a European zoo was diagnosed with co-infection of EEHV-1 and -4. EEHV-4 had a wider organ distribution and a higher viral load; both viruses presented the highest load in the mesenteric lymph nodes.

Conclusion:
Detection of EEHV-4 in this fatal case in Europe underlines the importance of inclusion of all known Asian EEHVs in routine blood monitoring to facilitate early therapeutic intervention.

Original language	English
Journal	JMM Case Reports
Volume	3
Issue number	2
Number of pages	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1099/jmmcr.0.005005
Publication status	Published - Apr 2016

Keywords

Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences
Asian elephant
co-infection
elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus
haemorrhagic disease
multiple haemorrhages

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10.1099/jmmcr.0.005005

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title = "Fatal elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus-1 and -4 co-infection in a juvenile Asian elephant in Europe",

abstract = "IntroductionElephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus-1 (EEHV-1) is one of the major causes of fatality in juvenile Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). On occasions, other EEHV genotypes, i.e. EEHV-3, -4 and -5, have also been reported as the cause of Asian elephant deaths. In this case report we describe the investigation into a juvenile Asian elephant fatality in a European zoo.Case Presentation:A fatal case of haemorrhagic disease in a juvenile Asian elephant from a European zoo was diagnosed with co-infection of EEHV-1 and -4. EEHV-4 had a wider organ distribution and a higher viral load; both viruses presented the highest load in the mesenteric lymph nodes.Conclusion:Detection of EEHV-4 in this fatal case in Europe underlines the importance of inclusion of all known Asian EEHVs in routine blood monitoring to facilitate early therapeutic intervention.",

keywords = "Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Asian elephant, co-infection, elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus, haemorrhagic disease, multiple haemorrhages",

author = "Katharina Seilern-Moy and Bertelsen, {Mads Frost} and Leifsson, {P{\'a}ll S.} and Perrin, {Kathryn Louise} and Jonathan Haycock and Akbar Dastjerdi",

year = "2016",

month = apr,

doi = "10.1099/jmmcr.0.005005",

language = "English",

volume = "3",

journal = "JMM Case Reports",

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T1 - Fatal elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus-1 and -4 co-infection in a juvenile Asian elephant in Europe

AU - Seilern-Moy, Katharina

AU - Bertelsen, Mads Frost

AU - Leifsson, Páll S.

AU - Perrin, Kathryn Louise

AU - Haycock, Jonathan

AU - Dastjerdi, Akbar

PY - 2016/4

Y1 - 2016/4

N2 - IntroductionElephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus-1 (EEHV-1) is one of the major causes of fatality in juvenile Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). On occasions, other EEHV genotypes, i.e. EEHV-3, -4 and -5, have also been reported as the cause of Asian elephant deaths. In this case report we describe the investigation into a juvenile Asian elephant fatality in a European zoo.Case Presentation:A fatal case of haemorrhagic disease in a juvenile Asian elephant from a European zoo was diagnosed with co-infection of EEHV-1 and -4. EEHV-4 had a wider organ distribution and a higher viral load; both viruses presented the highest load in the mesenteric lymph nodes.Conclusion:Detection of EEHV-4 in this fatal case in Europe underlines the importance of inclusion of all known Asian EEHVs in routine blood monitoring to facilitate early therapeutic intervention.

AB - IntroductionElephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus-1 (EEHV-1) is one of the major causes of fatality in juvenile Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). On occasions, other EEHV genotypes, i.e. EEHV-3, -4 and -5, have also been reported as the cause of Asian elephant deaths. In this case report we describe the investigation into a juvenile Asian elephant fatality in a European zoo.Case Presentation:A fatal case of haemorrhagic disease in a juvenile Asian elephant from a European zoo was diagnosed with co-infection of EEHV-1 and -4. EEHV-4 had a wider organ distribution and a higher viral load; both viruses presented the highest load in the mesenteric lymph nodes.Conclusion:Detection of EEHV-4 in this fatal case in Europe underlines the importance of inclusion of all known Asian EEHVs in routine blood monitoring to facilitate early therapeutic intervention.

KW - Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences

KW - Asian elephant

KW - co-infection

KW - elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus

KW - haemorrhagic disease

KW - multiple haemorrhages

U2 - 10.1099/jmmcr.0.005005

DO - 10.1099/jmmcr.0.005005

M3 - Journal article

VL - 3

JO - JMM Case Reports

JF - JMM Case Reports

IS - 2

ER -

Fatal elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus-1 and -4 co-infection in a juvenile Asian elephant in Europe

Abstract

Keywords

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