Falciparum malaria in the north of Laos: the occurrence and implications of the Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (pfcrt) gene haplotype SVMNT

TY - JOUR

T1 - Falciparum malaria in the north of Laos: the occurrence and implications of the Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (pfcrt) gene haplotype SVMNT

AU - Dittrich, Sabine

AU - Alifrangis, Michael

AU - Stohrer, Jörg M

AU - Thongpaseuth, Vonthalom

AU - Vanisaveth, Viengxay

AU - Phetsouvanh, Rattanaxay

AU - Phompida, Samlane

AU - Khalil, Insaf F

AU - Jelinek, Tomas

N1 - Keywords: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Animals; Antimalarials; Child; Child, Preschool; Chloroquine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Drug Resistance; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Haplotypes; Humans; Laos; Malaria, Falciparum; Male; Membrane Proteins; Membrane Transport Proteins; Middle Aged; Mutation; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Plasmodium falciparum; Protozoan Proteins; Treatment Failure

PY - 2005

Y1 - 2005

N2 - OBJECTIVE: The Pfcrt-gene encodes a transmembrane protein located in the Plasmodium falciparum digestive vacuole. Chloroquine resistant (CQR) strains of African and Southeast Asian origin carry the Pfcrt-haplotype (c72-76) CVIET, whereas most South American and Papua New Guinean CQR stains carry the SVMNT haplotype. METHOD: Eighty-eight samples from an area with reported in vivo Chloroquine and in vitro Amodiaquine-resistance were screened for the K76T mutation and their Pfcrt-haplotype (c72-76) using a new SSOP-ELISA. RESULTS: Hundred percent of the analysed samples showed the K76T mutation which is highly associated with in vivo drug failure. This very high rate of a CQR-marker is alarming in an area were CQ is still used as first line drug. The distribution of the three main Pfcrt-haplotypes was as follows: 68% CVIET, 31% SVMNT, 0% CVMNT. CONCLUSIONS: These data show, for the first time, the South American/PNG -haplotype (SVMNT) on mainland Southeast Asia. SVMNT-haplotype and others might be associated with a decreased efficacy of Amodiaquine and could therefore be potential markers for of amodiaquine resistance (AQR). If there is a correlation between AQR and the SVMNT-haplotype as suggested, 31% prevalence of a potential resistance marker is cause for concern.

AB - OBJECTIVE: The Pfcrt-gene encodes a transmembrane protein located in the Plasmodium falciparum digestive vacuole. Chloroquine resistant (CQR) strains of African and Southeast Asian origin carry the Pfcrt-haplotype (c72-76) CVIET, whereas most South American and Papua New Guinean CQR stains carry the SVMNT haplotype. METHOD: Eighty-eight samples from an area with reported in vivo Chloroquine and in vitro Amodiaquine-resistance were screened for the K76T mutation and their Pfcrt-haplotype (c72-76) using a new SSOP-ELISA. RESULTS: Hundred percent of the analysed samples showed the K76T mutation which is highly associated with in vivo drug failure. This very high rate of a CQR-marker is alarming in an area were CQ is still used as first line drug. The distribution of the three main Pfcrt-haplotypes was as follows: 68% CVIET, 31% SVMNT, 0% CVMNT. CONCLUSIONS: These data show, for the first time, the South American/PNG -haplotype (SVMNT) on mainland Southeast Asia. SVMNT-haplotype and others might be associated with a decreased efficacy of Amodiaquine and could therefore be potential markers for of amodiaquine resistance (AQR). If there is a correlation between AQR and the SVMNT-haplotype as suggested, 31% prevalence of a potential resistance marker is cause for concern.

U2 - 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2005.01514.x

DO - 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2005.01514.x

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 16359407

SN - 1360-2276

VL - 10

SP - 1267

EP - 1270

JO - Tropical Medicine & International Health

JF - Tropical Medicine & International Health

IS - 12

ER -