Facial approximation of Tycho Brahe's partial skull based on estimated data with TIVMI-AFA3D

Pierre Guyomarc'h; Petr Velemínský; Jaroslav Brůžek; Niels Lynnerup; Martin Horák; Jan Kučera; Kaare Lund Rasmussen; Jaroslav Podliska; Zdeněk Dragoun; Jiří Smolik; Jens Vellev

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.08.002

Facial approximation of Tycho Brahe's partial skull based on estimated data with TIVMI-AFA3D

Pierre Guyomarc'h^*, Petr Velemínský, Jaroslav Brůžek, Niels Lynnerup, Martin Horák, Jan Kučera, Kaare Lund Rasmussen, Jaroslav Podliska, Zdeněk Dragoun, Jiří Smolik, Jens Vellev

^*Corresponding author for this work

Section of Forensic Pathology

3 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The virtual approach in physical and forensic anthropology is increasingly used to further analyze human remains, but also to propose new didactic means for visualization and dissemination of scientific results. Computerized facial approximation (FA) offers an alternative to manual methods, but usually requires a complete facial skeleton to allow for the estimation of the facial appearance of an individual. This paper presents the case of Tycho Brahe, Danish astronomer born during the XVIth century, whose remains were reanalyzed at the occasion of a short exhumation in 2010. Cranial remains of Brahe were poorly preserved, with only a partial facial skeleton, and virtual anthropology tools were used to estimate the missing parts of his skull. This 3D restoration was followed by a FA using TIVMI-AFA3D, subsequently textured with graphic tools. The result provided an interesting estimate that was compared with portraits of the astronomer. The impact of the missing data estimation was investigated by performing FAs on 10 complete test subjects and the same 10 subjects after cropping and estimating 50% of the landmarks (reproducing the preservation state of Tycho Brahe's cranial remains). The comparison between the FA based on the complete and incomplete skulls of the same subject produced a visual assessment of the estimation impact on FAs which is relatively low. This procedure is an alternative to manual methods and offers a reproducible estimate of a face based on incomplete cranial remains. Although the case report concerns a historical individual, the robust automatic estimation of missing landmarks followed by a FA has value for forensic caseworks as a support to the identification process.

Original language	English
Journal	Forensic Science International
Volume	292
Pages (from-to)	131-137
Number of pages	7
ISSN	0379-0738
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.08.002
Publication status	Published - 1 Nov 2018

Keywords

Computerized restoration
Facial reconstruction
Geometric morphometrics
Missing data
Virtual anthropology

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10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.08.002

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@article{56d3d6b1cf794537a62364a0846b0ee9,

title = "Facial approximation of Tycho Brahe's partial skull based on estimated data with TIVMI-AFA3D",

abstract = "The virtual approach in physical and forensic anthropology is increasingly used to further analyze human remains, but also to propose new didactic means for visualization and dissemination of scientific results. Computerized facial approximation (FA) offers an alternative to manual methods, but usually requires a complete facial skeleton to allow for the estimation of the facial appearance of an individual. This paper presents the case of Tycho Brahe, Danish astronomer born during the XVIth century, whose remains were reanalyzed at the occasion of a short exhumation in 2010. Cranial remains of Brahe were poorly preserved, with only a partial facial skeleton, and virtual anthropology tools were used to estimate the missing parts of his skull. This 3D restoration was followed by a FA using TIVMI-AFA3D, subsequently textured with graphic tools. The result provided an interesting estimate that was compared with portraits of the astronomer. The impact of the missing data estimation was investigated by performing FAs on 10 complete test subjects and the same 10 subjects after cropping and estimating 50% of the landmarks (reproducing the preservation state of Tycho Brahe's cranial remains). The comparison between the FA based on the complete and incomplete skulls of the same subject produced a visual assessment of the estimation impact on FAs which is relatively low. This procedure is an alternative to manual methods and offers a reproducible estimate of a face based on incomplete cranial remains. Although the case report concerns a historical individual, the robust automatic estimation of missing landmarks followed by a FA has value for forensic caseworks as a support to the identification process.",

keywords = "Computerized restoration, Facial reconstruction, Geometric morphometrics, Missing data, Virtual anthropology",

author = "Pierre Guyomarc'h and Petr Velem{\'i}nsk{\'y} and Jaroslav Brů{\v z}ek and Niels Lynnerup and Martin Hor{\'a}k and Jan Ku{\v c}era and Rasmussen, {Kaare Lund} and Jaroslav Podliska and Zden{\v e}k Dragoun and Ji{\v r}{\'i} Smolik and Jens Vellev",

year = "2018",

month = nov,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.08.002",

language = "English",

volume = "292",

pages = "131--137",

journal = "Forensic Science International",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Facial approximation of Tycho Brahe's partial skull based on estimated data with TIVMI-AFA3D

AU - Guyomarc'h, Pierre

AU - Velemínský, Petr

AU - Brůžek, Jaroslav

AU - Lynnerup, Niels

AU - Horák, Martin

AU - Kučera, Jan

AU - Rasmussen, Kaare Lund

AU - Podliska, Jaroslav

AU - Dragoun, Zdeněk

AU - Smolik, Jiří

AU - Vellev, Jens

PY - 2018/11/1

Y1 - 2018/11/1

N2 - The virtual approach in physical and forensic anthropology is increasingly used to further analyze human remains, but also to propose new didactic means for visualization and dissemination of scientific results. Computerized facial approximation (FA) offers an alternative to manual methods, but usually requires a complete facial skeleton to allow for the estimation of the facial appearance of an individual. This paper presents the case of Tycho Brahe, Danish astronomer born during the XVIth century, whose remains were reanalyzed at the occasion of a short exhumation in 2010. Cranial remains of Brahe were poorly preserved, with only a partial facial skeleton, and virtual anthropology tools were used to estimate the missing parts of his skull. This 3D restoration was followed by a FA using TIVMI-AFA3D, subsequently textured with graphic tools. The result provided an interesting estimate that was compared with portraits of the astronomer. The impact of the missing data estimation was investigated by performing FAs on 10 complete test subjects and the same 10 subjects after cropping and estimating 50% of the landmarks (reproducing the preservation state of Tycho Brahe's cranial remains). The comparison between the FA based on the complete and incomplete skulls of the same subject produced a visual assessment of the estimation impact on FAs which is relatively low. This procedure is an alternative to manual methods and offers a reproducible estimate of a face based on incomplete cranial remains. Although the case report concerns a historical individual, the robust automatic estimation of missing landmarks followed by a FA has value for forensic caseworks as a support to the identification process.

AB - The virtual approach in physical and forensic anthropology is increasingly used to further analyze human remains, but also to propose new didactic means for visualization and dissemination of scientific results. Computerized facial approximation (FA) offers an alternative to manual methods, but usually requires a complete facial skeleton to allow for the estimation of the facial appearance of an individual. This paper presents the case of Tycho Brahe, Danish astronomer born during the XVIth century, whose remains were reanalyzed at the occasion of a short exhumation in 2010. Cranial remains of Brahe were poorly preserved, with only a partial facial skeleton, and virtual anthropology tools were used to estimate the missing parts of his skull. This 3D restoration was followed by a FA using TIVMI-AFA3D, subsequently textured with graphic tools. The result provided an interesting estimate that was compared with portraits of the astronomer. The impact of the missing data estimation was investigated by performing FAs on 10 complete test subjects and the same 10 subjects after cropping and estimating 50% of the landmarks (reproducing the preservation state of Tycho Brahe's cranial remains). The comparison between the FA based on the complete and incomplete skulls of the same subject produced a visual assessment of the estimation impact on FAs which is relatively low. This procedure is an alternative to manual methods and offers a reproducible estimate of a face based on incomplete cranial remains. Although the case report concerns a historical individual, the robust automatic estimation of missing landmarks followed by a FA has value for forensic caseworks as a support to the identification process.

KW - Computerized restoration

KW - Facial reconstruction

KW - Geometric morphometrics

KW - Missing data

KW - Virtual anthropology

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U2 - 10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.08.002

DO - 10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.08.002

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 30296629

AN - SCOPUS:85054221002

SN - 0379-0738

VL - 292

SP - 131

EP - 137

JO - Forensic Science International

JF - Forensic Science International

ER -

Facial approximation of Tycho Brahe's partial skull based on estimated data with TIVMI-AFA3D

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Keywords

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