Experimental design of multifactor climate change experiments with elevated CO2, warming and drought: the CLIMAITE project

T.N. Mikkelsen; Claus Beier; Sven Evert Jonasson; Martin Holmstrup; Inger Kappel Schmidt; Per Lennart Ambus; K. Pilegaard; Anders Michelsen; Kristian Albert; Louise C. Andresen; Marie Frost Arndal; N. Bruun; S. Christensen; S. Danbæk; Per Gundersen; P. Jørgensen; Leon Linden; Jane Kongstad Nielsen; Kristine Maraldo; Anders Priemé; Torben Riis-Nielsen; Helge Ro-Poulsen; Karen Stevnbak Andersen; M.B. Selsted; P. Sørensen; Klaus Steenberg Larsen; M.S. Carter; A. Ibrom; Torben Martinussen; F. Miglietta; H. Sverdrup

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01362.x

Experimental design of multifactor climate change experiments with elevated CO₂, warming and drought: the CLIMAITE project

T.N. Mikkelsen, Claus Beier, Sven Evert Jonasson, Martin Holmstrup, Inger Kappel Schmidt, Per Lennart Ambus, K. Pilegaard, Anders Michelsen, Kristian Albert, Louise C. Andresen, Marie Frost Arndal, N. Bruun, S. Christensen, S. Danbæk, Per Gundersen, P. Jørgensen, Leon Linden, Jane Kongstad Nielsen, Kristine Maraldo, Anders PrieméTorben Riis-Nielsen, Helge Ro-Poulsen, Karen Stevnbak Andersen, M.B. Selsted, P. Sørensen, Klaus Steenberg Larsen, M.S. Carter, A. Ibrom, Torben Martinussen, F. Miglietta, H. Sverdrup

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Abstract

1. Recent findings indicate that the interactions among CO₂, temperature and water can be substantial, and that the combined effects on the biological systems of several factors may not be predicted from experiments with one or a few factors. Therefore realistic multifactorial experiments involving a larger set of main factors are needed.

2. We describe a new Danish climate change-related field scale experiment, CLIMAITE, in a heath/grassland ecosystem. CLIMAITE is a full factorial combination of elevated CO₂, elevated temperature and prolonged summer drought. The manipulations are intended to mimic anticipated major environmental changes at the site by year 2075 as closely as possible. The impacts on ecosystem processes and functioning (at ecophysiological levels, through responses by individuals and communities to ecosystem-level responses) are investigated simultaneously.

3. The increase of [CO₂] closely corresponds with the scenarios for year 2075, while the warming treatment is at the lower end of the predictions and seems to be the most difficult treatment to increase without unwanted side effects on the other variables. The drought treatment follows predictions of increased frequency of drought periods in summer. The combination of the treatments does not create new unwanted side effects on the treatments relative to the treatments alone.

Original language	English
Journal	Functional Ecology
Volume	22
Issue number	1
Pages (from-to)	185-195
Number of pages	11
ISSN	0269-8463
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01362.x
Publication status	Published - 2008

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Experimental design of multifactor climate change experiments with elevated CO 2 , warming and drought: the CLIMAITE projectFinal published version, 521 KB

Cite this

Mikkelsen, T. N., Beier, C., Jonasson, S. E., Holmstrup, M., Schmidt, I. K., Ambus, P. L., Pilegaard, K., Michelsen, A., Albert, K., Andresen, L. C., Arndal, M. F., Bruun, N., Christensen, S., Danbæk, S., Gundersen, P., Jørgensen, P., Linden, L., Nielsen, J. K., Maraldo, K., ... Sverdrup, H. (2008). Experimental design of multifactor climate change experiments with elevated CO₂, warming and drought: the CLIMAITE project. Functional Ecology, 22(1), 185-195. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01362.x

Mikkelsen, TN, Beier, C, Jonasson, SE, Holmstrup, M, Schmidt, IK , Ambus, PL, Pilegaard, K, Michelsen, A, Albert, K, Andresen, LC, Arndal, MF, Bruun, N, Christensen, S, Danbæk, S, Gundersen, P, Jørgensen, P, Linden, L, Nielsen, JK, Maraldo, K, Priemé, A , Riis-Nielsen, T , Ro-Poulsen, H, Andersen, KS, Selsted, MB, Sørensen, P, Larsen, KS, Carter, MS, Ibrom, A, Martinussen, T, Miglietta, F & Sverdrup, H 2008, 'Experimental design of multifactor climate change experiments with elevated CO₂, warming and drought: the CLIMAITE project', Functional Ecology, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 185-195. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01362.x

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title = "Experimental design of multifactor climate change experiments with elevated CO2, warming and drought: the CLIMAITE project",

abstract = "1. Recent findings indicate that the interactions among CO2, temperature and water can be substantial, and that the combined effects on the biological systems of several factors may not be predicted from experiments with one or a few factors. Therefore realistic multifactorial experiments involving a larger set of main factors are needed.2. We describe a new Danish climate change-related field scale experiment, CLIMAITE, in a heath/grassland ecosystem. CLIMAITE is a full factorial combination of elevated CO2, elevated temperature and prolonged summer drought. The manipulations are intended to mimic anticipated major environmental changes at the site by year 2075 as closely as possible. The impacts on ecosystem processes and functioning (at ecophysiological levels, through responses by individuals and communities to ecosystem-level responses) are investigated simultaneously.3. The increase of [CO2] closely corresponds with the scenarios for year 2075, while the warming treatment is at the lower end of the predictions and seems to be the most difficult treatment to increase without unwanted side effects on the other variables. The drought treatment follows predictions of increased frequency of drought periods in summer. The combination of the treatments does not create new unwanted side effects on the treatments relative to the treatments alone.",

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note = "KEYWORDS ecosystem manipulation • FACE • grassland • heathland",

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doi = "10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01362.x",

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T1 - Experimental design of multifactor climate change experiments with elevated CO2, warming and drought

T2 - the CLIMAITE project

AU - Mikkelsen, T.N.

AU - Beier, Claus

AU - Jonasson, Sven Evert

AU - Holmstrup, Martin

AU - Schmidt, Inger Kappel

AU - Ambus, Per Lennart

AU - Pilegaard, K.

AU - Michelsen, Anders

AU - Albert, Kristian

AU - Andresen, Louise C.

AU - Arndal, Marie Frost

AU - Bruun, N.

AU - Christensen, S.

AU - Danbæk, S.

AU - Gundersen, Per

AU - Jørgensen, P.

AU - Linden, Leon

AU - Nielsen, Jane Kongstad

AU - Maraldo, Kristine

AU - Priemé, Anders

AU - Riis-Nielsen, Torben

AU - Ro-Poulsen, Helge

AU - Andersen, Karen Stevnbak

AU - Selsted, M.B.

AU - Sørensen, P.

AU - Larsen, Klaus Steenberg

AU - Carter, M.S.

AU - Ibrom, A.

AU - Martinussen, Torben

AU - Miglietta, F.

AU - Sverdrup, H.

N1 - KEYWORDS ecosystem manipulation • FACE • grassland • heathland

PY - 2008

Y1 - 2008

N2 - 1. Recent findings indicate that the interactions among CO2, temperature and water can be substantial, and that the combined effects on the biological systems of several factors may not be predicted from experiments with one or a few factors. Therefore realistic multifactorial experiments involving a larger set of main factors are needed.2. We describe a new Danish climate change-related field scale experiment, CLIMAITE, in a heath/grassland ecosystem. CLIMAITE is a full factorial combination of elevated CO2, elevated temperature and prolonged summer drought. The manipulations are intended to mimic anticipated major environmental changes at the site by year 2075 as closely as possible. The impacts on ecosystem processes and functioning (at ecophysiological levels, through responses by individuals and communities to ecosystem-level responses) are investigated simultaneously.3. The increase of [CO2] closely corresponds with the scenarios for year 2075, while the warming treatment is at the lower end of the predictions and seems to be the most difficult treatment to increase without unwanted side effects on the other variables. The drought treatment follows predictions of increased frequency of drought periods in summer. The combination of the treatments does not create new unwanted side effects on the treatments relative to the treatments alone.

AB - 1. Recent findings indicate that the interactions among CO2, temperature and water can be substantial, and that the combined effects on the biological systems of several factors may not be predicted from experiments with one or a few factors. Therefore realistic multifactorial experiments involving a larger set of main factors are needed.2. We describe a new Danish climate change-related field scale experiment, CLIMAITE, in a heath/grassland ecosystem. CLIMAITE is a full factorial combination of elevated CO2, elevated temperature and prolonged summer drought. The manipulations are intended to mimic anticipated major environmental changes at the site by year 2075 as closely as possible. The impacts on ecosystem processes and functioning (at ecophysiological levels, through responses by individuals and communities to ecosystem-level responses) are investigated simultaneously.3. The increase of [CO2] closely corresponds with the scenarios for year 2075, while the warming treatment is at the lower end of the predictions and seems to be the most difficult treatment to increase without unwanted side effects on the other variables. The drought treatment follows predictions of increased frequency of drought periods in summer. The combination of the treatments does not create new unwanted side effects on the treatments relative to the treatments alone.

U2 - 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01362.x

DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01362.x

M3 - Journal article

SN - 0269-8463

VL - 22

SP - 185

EP - 195

JO - Functional Ecology

JF - Functional Ecology

IS - 1

ER -