TY - JOUR
T1 - European Multicentre Tics in Children Studies (EMTICS)
T2 - protocol for two cohort studies to assess risk factors for tic onset and exacerbation in children and adolescents
AU - Schrag, Anette
AU - Martino, Davide
AU - Apter, Alan
AU - Ball, Juliane
AU - Bartolini, Erika
AU - Benaroya-Milshtein, Noa
AU - Buttiglione, Maura
AU - Cardona, Francesco
AU - Creti, Roberta
AU - Efstratiou, Androulla
AU - Gariup, Maria
AU - Georgitsi, Marianthi
AU - Hedderly, Tammy
AU - Heyman, Isobel
AU - Margarit, Immaculada
AU - Mir, Pablo
AU - Moll, Natalie
AU - Morer, Astrid
AU - Müller, Norbert
AU - Müller-Vahl, Kirsten
AU - Münchau, Alexander
AU - Orefici, Graziella
AU - Plessen, Kerstin J.
AU - Porcelli, Cesare
AU - Paschou, Peristera
AU - Rizzo, Renata
AU - Roessner, Veit
AU - Schwarz, Markus J.
AU - Steinberg, Tamar
AU - Tagwerker Gloor, Friederike
AU - Tarnok, Zsanett
AU - Walitza, Susanne
AU - Dietrich, Andrea
AU - Hoekstra, Pieter J.
AU - Anastasiou, Zacharias
AU - Baglioni, Valentina
AU - Bodmer, Benjamin
AU - Bognar, Emese
AU - Burger, Bianka
AU - Buse, Judith
AU - Correa Vela, Marta
AU - Debes, Nanette M.
AU - Ferro, Maria Cristina
AU - Fremer, Carolin
AU - Garcia-Delgar, Blanca
AU - Gulisano, Mariangela
AU - Hagen, Annelieke
AU - Hagstrøm, Julie
AU - Hedderly, Tammy J.
AU - Hoekstra, Pieter J.
AU - EMTICS Collaborative Group
PY - 2019
Y1 - 2019
N2 - Genetic predisposition, autoimmunity and environmental factors [e.g. pre- and perinatal difficulties, Group A Streptococcal (GAS) and other infections, stress-inducing events] might interact to create a neurobiological vulnerability to the development of tics and associated behaviours. However, the existing evidence for this relies primarily on small prospective or larger retrospective population-based studies, and is therefore still inconclusive. This article describes the design and methodology of the EMTICS study, a longitudinal observational European multicentre study involving 16 clinical centres, with the following objectives: (1) to investigate the association of environmental factors (GAS exposure and psychosocial stress, primarily) with the onset and course of tics and/or obsessive–compulsive symptoms through the prospective observation of at-risk individuals (ONSET cohort: 260 children aged 3–10 years who are tic-free at study entry and have a first-degree relative with a chronic tic disorder) and affected individuals (COURSE cohort: 715 youth aged 3–16 years with a tic disorder); (2) to characterise the immune response to microbial antigens and the host’s immune response regulation in association with onset and exacerbations of tics; (3) to increase knowledge of the human gene pathways influencing the pathogenesis of tic disorders; and (4) to develop prediction models for the risk of onset and exacerbations of tic disorders. The EMTICS study is, to our knowledge, the largest prospective cohort assessment of the contribution of different genetic and environmental factors to the risk of developing tics in putatively predisposed individuals and to the risk of exacerbating tics in young individuals with chronic tic disorders.
AB - Genetic predisposition, autoimmunity and environmental factors [e.g. pre- and perinatal difficulties, Group A Streptococcal (GAS) and other infections, stress-inducing events] might interact to create a neurobiological vulnerability to the development of tics and associated behaviours. However, the existing evidence for this relies primarily on small prospective or larger retrospective population-based studies, and is therefore still inconclusive. This article describes the design and methodology of the EMTICS study, a longitudinal observational European multicentre study involving 16 clinical centres, with the following objectives: (1) to investigate the association of environmental factors (GAS exposure and psychosocial stress, primarily) with the onset and course of tics and/or obsessive–compulsive symptoms through the prospective observation of at-risk individuals (ONSET cohort: 260 children aged 3–10 years who are tic-free at study entry and have a first-degree relative with a chronic tic disorder) and affected individuals (COURSE cohort: 715 youth aged 3–16 years with a tic disorder); (2) to characterise the immune response to microbial antigens and the host’s immune response regulation in association with onset and exacerbations of tics; (3) to increase knowledge of the human gene pathways influencing the pathogenesis of tic disorders; and (4) to develop prediction models for the risk of onset and exacerbations of tic disorders. The EMTICS study is, to our knowledge, the largest prospective cohort assessment of the contribution of different genetic and environmental factors to the risk of developing tics in putatively predisposed individuals and to the risk of exacerbating tics in young individuals with chronic tic disorders.
KW - Genetics
KW - Longitudinal
KW - Obsessive–compulsive disorder
KW - Streptococcal infection
KW - Stress
KW - Tourette syndrome
U2 - 10.1007/s00787-018-1190-4
DO - 10.1007/s00787-018-1190-4
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 29982875
AN - SCOPUS:85049568242
SN - 1433-5719
VL - 28
SP - 91
EP - 109
JO - European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Supplement
JF - European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Supplement
IS - 1
ER -