Ethnic Differences in Insulin Sensitivity, β-Cell Function, and Hepatic Extraction Between Japanese and Caucasians: A Minimal Model Analysis

TY - JOUR

T1 - Ethnic Differences in Insulin Sensitivity, β-Cell Function, and Hepatic Extraction Between Japanese and Caucasians

T2 - A Minimal Model Analysis

AU - Møller, Jonas B

AU - Dalla Man, Chiara

AU - Overgaard, Rune V

AU - Ingwersen, Steen H

AU - Tornøe, Christoffer W

AU - Pedersen, Maria

AU - Tanaka, Haruhiko

AU - Ohsugi, Mitsuru

AU - Ueki, Kohjiru

AU - Lynge, Jan

AU - Vasconcelos, Nina-Maria

AU - Pedersen, Bente K

AU - Kadowaki, Takashi

AU - Cobelli, Claudio

PY - 2014/11/1

Y1 - 2014/11/1

N2 - Context: Ethnic differences have previously been reported for type 2 diabetes.Design: This was a cross-sectional study with oral glucose tolerance tests to assessβ-cell function, hepatic insulin extraction, and insulin sensitivity.Participants: Participants included 120 Japanese and 150 Caucasian subjects.Objective: Weaimedat assessingthepotential differencesbetweenCaucasianandJapanesesubjects ranging from normal glucose tolerance (NGT) to impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and to type 2 diabetes.Main Outcomes: Measures ofβ-cell function, hepatic extraction, and insulin sensitivity were assessed using C-peptide, glucose, and insulin minimal models.Results: Basalβ-cell function (φb) was lower in Japanese compared with Caucasians (P< .01). In subjects with IGT, estimates of the dynamic (φd) and static (φs)β-cell responsiveness were significantly lower in the Japanese compared with Caucasians (P< .05). In contrast, values of insulin action showed higher sensitivity in the Japanese IGT subjects. Hepatic extraction was similar in NGT and IGT groups but higher in Japanese type 2 diabetic subjects (P< .01). Despite differences in insulin sensitivity,β-cell function, and hepatic extraction, the disposition indices were similar between the 2 ethnic groups at all glucose tolerance states. Furthermore, the overall insulin sensitivity andβ-cell responsiveness for all glucose tolerance states were similar in Japanese and Caucasians after accounting for differences in body mass index.Conclusion: Our study provides evidence for a similar ability of Japanese and Caucasians to compensate for increased insulin resistance.

AB - Context: Ethnic differences have previously been reported for type 2 diabetes.Design: This was a cross-sectional study with oral glucose tolerance tests to assessβ-cell function, hepatic insulin extraction, and insulin sensitivity.Participants: Participants included 120 Japanese and 150 Caucasian subjects.Objective: Weaimedat assessingthepotential differencesbetweenCaucasianandJapanesesubjects ranging from normal glucose tolerance (NGT) to impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and to type 2 diabetes.Main Outcomes: Measures ofβ-cell function, hepatic extraction, and insulin sensitivity were assessed using C-peptide, glucose, and insulin minimal models.Results: Basalβ-cell function (φb) was lower in Japanese compared with Caucasians (P< .01). In subjects with IGT, estimates of the dynamic (φd) and static (φs)β-cell responsiveness were significantly lower in the Japanese compared with Caucasians (P< .05). In contrast, values of insulin action showed higher sensitivity in the Japanese IGT subjects. Hepatic extraction was similar in NGT and IGT groups but higher in Japanese type 2 diabetic subjects (P< .01). Despite differences in insulin sensitivity,β-cell function, and hepatic extraction, the disposition indices were similar between the 2 ethnic groups at all glucose tolerance states. Furthermore, the overall insulin sensitivity andβ-cell responsiveness for all glucose tolerance states were similar in Japanese and Caucasians after accounting for differences in body mass index.Conclusion: Our study provides evidence for a similar ability of Japanese and Caucasians to compensate for increased insulin resistance.

KW - Adult

KW - Aged

KW - Asian Continental Ancestry Group

KW - Blood Glucose

KW - Cross-Sectional Studies

KW - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

KW - European Continental Ancestry Group

KW - Female

KW - Glucose Intolerance

KW - Glucose Tolerance Test

KW - Humans

KW - Insulin

KW - Insulin Resistance

KW - Insulin-Secreting Cells

KW - Japan

KW - Liver

KW - Male

KW - Middle Aged

U2 - 10.1210/jc.2014-1724

DO - 10.1210/jc.2014-1724

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 25119313

SN - 0021-972X

VL - 99

SP - 4273

EP - 4280

JO - Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism

JF - Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism

IS - 11

ER -