Energy metabolism and nutrient oxidation in young pigs and rats during feeding, starvation and re-feeding

André Chwalibog; Kirsten Jakobsen; Anne-Helene Tauson; Grete Thorbek

doi:10.1016/j.cbpb.2005.01.010

Energy metabolism and nutrient oxidation in young pigs and rats during feeding, starvation and re-feeding

André Chwalibog, Kirsten Jakobsen, Anne-Helene Tauson, Grete Thorbek

22 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The investigation included individual measurements of energy metabolism and oxidation of nutrients in 12 castrated male pigs (Sus scrofa) (20-40 kg) and 12 male rats (Rattus norvegicus) (65-105 g). Measurements were carried out in 5-6 days balance periods with ad libitum feeding, followed by 3-4 days of starvation and 4 days of re-feeding. O2 consumption and CO2 production were measured by open-air-circuit respiration units. In the feeding period, protein retention in relation to metabolic live mass (kg(0.75)) was identical for pigs and rats, while there was a tendency of a higher fat retention in pigs than in rats. A substantial part of digested carbohydrate was not oxidized, but transferred to fat metabolism without significant differences (P > 0.05) between pigs and rats (18% vs. 22%). During starvation, nitrogen excretion in urine decreased to 226 mg/kg(0.75) in pigs and to 429 mg/kg(0.75) in rats, indicating a lower rate of body protein degradation in pigs. Heat production was reduced to 592 and 338 kJ/kg(0.75), while the contribution of heat from oxidation of protein (OXP), carbohydrate (OXCHO) and fat (OXF) showed the same pattern for pigs and rats during all periods. Heat production during feeding and re-feeding was covered by OXP+OXCHO with no OXF and reversibly after 2 days of starvation by OXP+OXF with no OXCHO. The rat may be a suitable model for pigs regarding general patterns of quantitative nutrient partition, but any direct application of results measured with rats to pigs shall be taken cautiously, keeping in mind that modern pigs have been selected for a high growth rate and protein deposition which has not been the case for the laboratory rat.

Original language	English
Journal	Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A
Volume	140
Issue number	3
Pages (from-to)	299-307
Number of pages	9
ISSN	1095-6433
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpb.2005.01.010
Publication status	Published - 2005

Keywords

Animal Feed
Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
Animals
Dietary Carbohydrates
Dietary Fats
Eating
Energy Metabolism
Male
Nitrogen
Orchiectomy
Oxidation-Reduction
Proteins
Rats
Rats, Wistar
Starvation
Swine
Thermogenesis

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10.1016/j.cbpb.2005.01.010

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title = "Energy metabolism and nutrient oxidation in young pigs and rats during feeding, starvation and re-feeding",

abstract = "The investigation included individual measurements of energy metabolism and oxidation of nutrients in 12 castrated male pigs (Sus scrofa) (20-40 kg) and 12 male rats (Rattus norvegicus) (65-105 g). Measurements were carried out in 5-6 days balance periods with ad libitum feeding, followed by 3-4 days of starvation and 4 days of re-feeding. O2 consumption and CO2 production were measured by open-air-circuit respiration units. In the feeding period, protein retention in relation to metabolic live mass (kg(0.75)) was identical for pigs and rats, while there was a tendency of a higher fat retention in pigs than in rats. A substantial part of digested carbohydrate was not oxidized, but transferred to fat metabolism without significant differences (P > 0.05) between pigs and rats (18% vs. 22%). During starvation, nitrogen excretion in urine decreased to 226 mg/kg(0.75) in pigs and to 429 mg/kg(0.75) in rats, indicating a lower rate of body protein degradation in pigs. Heat production was reduced to 592 and 338 kJ/kg(0.75), while the contribution of heat from oxidation of protein (OXP), carbohydrate (OXCHO) and fat (OXF) showed the same pattern for pigs and rats during all periods. Heat production during feeding and re-feeding was covered by OXP+OXCHO with no OXF and reversibly after 2 days of starvation by OXP+OXF with no OXCHO. The rat may be a suitable model for pigs regarding general patterns of quantitative nutrient partition, but any direct application of results measured with rats to pigs shall be taken cautiously, keeping in mind that modern pigs have been selected for a high growth rate and protein deposition which has not been the case for the laboratory rat.",

keywords = "Animal Feed, Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Animals, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Fats, Eating, Energy Metabolism, Male, Nitrogen, Orchiectomy, Oxidation-Reduction, Proteins, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Starvation, Swine, Thermogenesis",

author = "Andr{\'e} Chwalibog and Kirsten Jakobsen and Anne-Helene Tauson and Grete Thorbek",

note = "Kode for udgivelsesland: 'us' Kode for bibliotekets beholdning: 'modtaget' Ukendte organisationer '\'Ern{\ae}ring\', \'Ern{\ae}ring\', \'Danish Institute of Agricultural Science\''",

year = "2005",

doi = "10.1016/j.cbpb.2005.01.010",

language = "English",

volume = "140",

pages = "299--307",

journal = "Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology -Part A : Molecular and Integrative Physiology",

issn = "1095-6433",

publisher = "Elsevier",

number = "3",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Energy metabolism and nutrient oxidation in young pigs and rats during feeding, starvation and re-feeding

AU - Chwalibog, André

AU - Jakobsen, Kirsten

AU - Tauson, Anne-Helene

AU - Thorbek, Grete

N1 - Kode for udgivelsesland: 'us' Kode for bibliotekets beholdning: 'modtaget' Ukendte organisationer '\'Ernæring\', \'Ernæring\', \'Danish Institute of Agricultural Science\''

PY - 2005

Y1 - 2005

N2 - The investigation included individual measurements of energy metabolism and oxidation of nutrients in 12 castrated male pigs (Sus scrofa) (20-40 kg) and 12 male rats (Rattus norvegicus) (65-105 g). Measurements were carried out in 5-6 days balance periods with ad libitum feeding, followed by 3-4 days of starvation and 4 days of re-feeding. O2 consumption and CO2 production were measured by open-air-circuit respiration units. In the feeding period, protein retention in relation to metabolic live mass (kg(0.75)) was identical for pigs and rats, while there was a tendency of a higher fat retention in pigs than in rats. A substantial part of digested carbohydrate was not oxidized, but transferred to fat metabolism without significant differences (P > 0.05) between pigs and rats (18% vs. 22%). During starvation, nitrogen excretion in urine decreased to 226 mg/kg(0.75) in pigs and to 429 mg/kg(0.75) in rats, indicating a lower rate of body protein degradation in pigs. Heat production was reduced to 592 and 338 kJ/kg(0.75), while the contribution of heat from oxidation of protein (OXP), carbohydrate (OXCHO) and fat (OXF) showed the same pattern for pigs and rats during all periods. Heat production during feeding and re-feeding was covered by OXP+OXCHO with no OXF and reversibly after 2 days of starvation by OXP+OXF with no OXCHO. The rat may be a suitable model for pigs regarding general patterns of quantitative nutrient partition, but any direct application of results measured with rats to pigs shall be taken cautiously, keeping in mind that modern pigs have been selected for a high growth rate and protein deposition which has not been the case for the laboratory rat.

AB - The investigation included individual measurements of energy metabolism and oxidation of nutrients in 12 castrated male pigs (Sus scrofa) (20-40 kg) and 12 male rats (Rattus norvegicus) (65-105 g). Measurements were carried out in 5-6 days balance periods with ad libitum feeding, followed by 3-4 days of starvation and 4 days of re-feeding. O2 consumption and CO2 production were measured by open-air-circuit respiration units. In the feeding period, protein retention in relation to metabolic live mass (kg(0.75)) was identical for pigs and rats, while there was a tendency of a higher fat retention in pigs than in rats. A substantial part of digested carbohydrate was not oxidized, but transferred to fat metabolism without significant differences (P > 0.05) between pigs and rats (18% vs. 22%). During starvation, nitrogen excretion in urine decreased to 226 mg/kg(0.75) in pigs and to 429 mg/kg(0.75) in rats, indicating a lower rate of body protein degradation in pigs. Heat production was reduced to 592 and 338 kJ/kg(0.75), while the contribution of heat from oxidation of protein (OXP), carbohydrate (OXCHO) and fat (OXF) showed the same pattern for pigs and rats during all periods. Heat production during feeding and re-feeding was covered by OXP+OXCHO with no OXF and reversibly after 2 days of starvation by OXP+OXF with no OXCHO. The rat may be a suitable model for pigs regarding general patterns of quantitative nutrient partition, but any direct application of results measured with rats to pigs shall be taken cautiously, keeping in mind that modern pigs have been selected for a high growth rate and protein deposition which has not been the case for the laboratory rat.

KW - Animal Feed

KW - Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena

KW - Animals

KW - Dietary Carbohydrates

KW - Dietary Fats

KW - Eating

KW - Energy Metabolism

KW - Male

KW - Nitrogen

KW - Orchiectomy

KW - Oxidation-Reduction

KW - Proteins

KW - Rats

KW - Rats, Wistar

KW - Starvation

KW - Swine

KW - Thermogenesis

U2 - 10.1016/j.cbpb.2005.01.010

DO - 10.1016/j.cbpb.2005.01.010

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 15792595

SN - 1095-6433

VL - 140

SP - 299

EP - 307

JO - Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology -Part A : Molecular and Integrative Physiology

JF - Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology -Part A : Molecular and Integrative Physiology

IS - 3

ER -

Energy metabolism and nutrient oxidation in young pigs and rats during feeding, starvation and re-feeding

Abstract

Keywords

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