Electromembrane extraction of substances with weakly basic properties: A fundamental study with benzodiazepines

Linda Vårdal; Elisabeth L. Øiestad; Astrid Gjelstad; Stig Pedersen-Bjergaard

doi:10.4155/bio-2018-0030

Electromembrane extraction of substances with weakly basic properties: A fundamental study with benzodiazepines

Linda Vårdal, Elisabeth L. Øiestad, Astrid Gjelstad, Stig Pedersen-Bjergaard^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

7 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

AIM: Electromembrane extraction (EME) of weakly basic benzodiazepines was investigated (-1.47 < pKa < 5.01).

MATERIALS & METHODS: 96-well EME was performed with strongly acidic conditions in the acceptor solution using 250-mM trifluoroacetic acid to maximize ionization.

RESULTS & CONCLUSION: Recoveries more than 80% were obtained for analytes with pKa > 2, whereas EME was less efficient for substances with pKa < 2. The latter was trapped in the supported liquid membrane due to less acidic pH conditions in the acceptor solution close to the supported liquid membrane. EME followed by UHPLC-MS/MS analysis was evaluated from human plasma, and the results were in compliance with EMA guidelines. Both electrokinetic migration and passive diffusion contributed to mass transfer when performing EME of weakly basic analytes.

Original language	English
Journal	Bioanalysis
Volume	10
Issue number	10
Pages (from-to)	769-781
Number of pages	13
ISSN	1757-6180
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.4155/bio-2018-0030
Publication status	Published - 1 May 2018

Keywords

benzodiazepines
electromembrane extraction
microextraction
plasma samples

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10.4155/bio-2018-0030

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title = "Electromembrane extraction of substances with weakly basic properties: A fundamental study with benzodiazepines",

abstract = "AIM: Electromembrane extraction (EME) of weakly basic benzodiazepines was investigated (-1.47 < pKa < 5.01).MATERIALS & METHODS: 96-well EME was performed with strongly acidic conditions in the acceptor solution using 250-mM trifluoroacetic acid to maximize ionization.RESULTS & CONCLUSION: Recoveries more than 80% were obtained for analytes with pKa > 2, whereas EME was less efficient for substances with pKa < 2. The latter was trapped in the supported liquid membrane due to less acidic pH conditions in the acceptor solution close to the supported liquid membrane. EME followed by UHPLC-MS/MS analysis was evaluated from human plasma, and the results were in compliance with EMA guidelines. Both electrokinetic migration and passive diffusion contributed to mass transfer when performing EME of weakly basic analytes.",

keywords = "benzodiazepines, electromembrane extraction, microextraction, plasma samples",

author = "Linda V{\aa}rdal and {\O}iestad, {Elisabeth L.} and Astrid Gjelstad and Stig Pedersen-Bjergaard",

year = "2018",

month = may,

day = "1",

doi = "10.4155/bio-2018-0030",

language = "English",

volume = "10",

pages = "769--781",

journal = "Bioanalysis",

issn = "1757-6180",

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number = "10",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Electromembrane extraction of substances with weakly basic properties

T2 - A fundamental study with benzodiazepines

AU - Vårdal, Linda

AU - Øiestad, Elisabeth L.

AU - Gjelstad, Astrid

AU - Pedersen-Bjergaard, Stig

PY - 2018/5/1

Y1 - 2018/5/1

N2 - AIM: Electromembrane extraction (EME) of weakly basic benzodiazepines was investigated (-1.47 < pKa < 5.01).MATERIALS & METHODS: 96-well EME was performed with strongly acidic conditions in the acceptor solution using 250-mM trifluoroacetic acid to maximize ionization.RESULTS & CONCLUSION: Recoveries more than 80% were obtained for analytes with pKa > 2, whereas EME was less efficient for substances with pKa < 2. The latter was trapped in the supported liquid membrane due to less acidic pH conditions in the acceptor solution close to the supported liquid membrane. EME followed by UHPLC-MS/MS analysis was evaluated from human plasma, and the results were in compliance with EMA guidelines. Both electrokinetic migration and passive diffusion contributed to mass transfer when performing EME of weakly basic analytes.

AB - AIM: Electromembrane extraction (EME) of weakly basic benzodiazepines was investigated (-1.47 < pKa < 5.01).MATERIALS & METHODS: 96-well EME was performed with strongly acidic conditions in the acceptor solution using 250-mM trifluoroacetic acid to maximize ionization.RESULTS & CONCLUSION: Recoveries more than 80% were obtained for analytes with pKa > 2, whereas EME was less efficient for substances with pKa < 2. The latter was trapped in the supported liquid membrane due to less acidic pH conditions in the acceptor solution close to the supported liquid membrane. EME followed by UHPLC-MS/MS analysis was evaluated from human plasma, and the results were in compliance with EMA guidelines. Both electrokinetic migration and passive diffusion contributed to mass transfer when performing EME of weakly basic analytes.

KW - benzodiazepines

KW - electromembrane extraction

KW - microextraction

KW - plasma samples

U2 - 10.4155/bio-2018-0030

DO - 10.4155/bio-2018-0030

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 29771135

AN - SCOPUS:85048056399

SN - 1757-6180

VL - 10

SP - 769

EP - 781

JO - Bioanalysis

JF - Bioanalysis

IS - 10

ER -

Electromembrane extraction of substances with weakly basic properties: A fundamental study with benzodiazepines

Abstract

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