Efficacy of fish intake on vitamin D status: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Ulrike Lehmann; Hanne Rosendahl Gjessing; Frank Hirche; Andreas Mueller-Belecke; Oddrun Anita Gudbrandsen; Per Magne Ueland; Gunnar Mellgren; Lotte Lauritzen; Helen Lindqvist; Anita Lill Hansen; Arja T Erkkilä; Gerda K Pot; Gabriele I Stangl; Jutta Dierkes

doi:10.3945/ajcn.114.105395

Efficacy of fish intake on vitamin D status: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Ulrike Lehmann, Hanne Rosendahl Gjessing, Frank Hirche, Andreas Mueller-Belecke, Oddrun Anita Gudbrandsen, Per Magne Ueland, Gunnar Mellgren, Lotte Lauritzen, Helen Lindqvist, Anita Lill Hansen, Arja T Erkkilä, Gerda K Pot, Gabriele I Stangl, Jutta Dierkes

Lifecourse Nutrition & Health

39 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Background: It is well known that fish is the major natural source of vitamin D in the diet; therefore, this meta-analysis investigated the influence of fish consumption in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations. Objective: A literature search was carried out in Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library (up to February 2014) for RCTs that investigated the effect of fish consumption on 25(OH)D concentrations in comparison to other dietary interventions. Results: Seven articles and 2 unpublished study data sets with 640 subjects and 14 study groups met the inclusion criteria and were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with controls, the consumption of fish increased 25(OH)D concentrations, on average, by 4.4 nmol/L (95% CI: 1.7, 7.1 nmol/L; P > 0.0001, I² = 25%; 9 studies).The type of the fish also played a key role: the consumption of fatty fish resulted in a mean difference of 6.8 nmol/L (95% CI: 3.7, 9.9 nmol/L; P > 0.0001, I² = 0%; 7 study groups), whereas for lean fish the mean difference was 1.9 nmol/L (95% CI: 22.3, 6.0 nmol/L; P > 0.38, I² = 37%; 7 study groups). Short-term studies (4-8 wk) showed a mean difference of 3.8 nmol/L (95% CI: 0.6, 6.9 nmol/L; P > 0.02, I² = 38%; 10 study groups), whereas in long-term studies (w6 mo) the mean difference was 8.3 nmol/L (95% CI: 2.1, 14.5 nmol/L; P > 0.009, I² = 0%; 4 study groups). Conclusion: As the major food source of vitamin D, fish consumption increases concentrations of 25(OH)D, although recommended fish intakes cannot optimize vitamin D status.

Original language	English
Journal	American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Volume	102
Issue number	4
Pages (from-to)	837-847
Number of pages	11
ISSN	0002-9165
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.114.105395
Publication status	Published - 1 Oct 2015

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Lehmann, U., Gjessing, H. R., Hirche, F., Mueller-Belecke, A., Gudbrandsen, O. A., Ueland, P. M., Mellgren, G., Lauritzen, L., Lindqvist, H., Hansen, A. L., Erkkilä, A. T., Pot, G. K., Stangl, G. I., & Dierkes, J. (2015). Efficacy of fish intake on vitamin D status: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 102(4), 837-847. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.114.105395

Lehmann, U, Gjessing, HR, Hirche, F, Mueller-Belecke, A, Gudbrandsen, OA, Ueland, PM, Mellgren, G, Lauritzen, L, Lindqvist, H, Hansen, AL, Erkkilä, AT, Pot, GK, Stangl, GI & Dierkes, J 2015, 'Efficacy of fish intake on vitamin D status: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials', American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 102, no. 4, pp. 837-847. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.114.105395

@article{ae2433931e304ebc877c090ccffb3b63,

title = "Efficacy of fish intake on vitamin D status: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials",

abstract = "Background: It is well known that fish is the major natural source of vitamin D in the diet; therefore, this meta-analysis investigated the influence of fish consumption in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations. Objective: A literature search was carried out in Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library (up to February 2014) for RCTs that investigated the effect of fish consumption on 25(OH)D concentrations in comparison to other dietary interventions. Results: Seven articles and 2 unpublished study data sets with 640 subjects and 14 study groups met the inclusion criteria and were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with controls, the consumption of fish increased 25(OH)D concentrations, on average, by 4.4 nmol/L (95% CI: 1.7, 7.1 nmol/L; P > 0.0001, I2 = 25%; 9 studies).The type of the fish also played a key role: the consumption of fatty fish resulted in a mean difference of 6.8 nmol/L (95% CI: 3.7, 9.9 nmol/L; P > 0.0001, I2 = 0%; 7 study groups), whereas for lean fish the mean difference was 1.9 nmol/L (95% CI: 22.3, 6.0 nmol/L; P > 0.38, I2 = 37%; 7 study groups). Short-term studies (4-8 wk) showed a mean difference of 3.8 nmol/L (95% CI: 0.6, 6.9 nmol/L; P > 0.02, I2 = 38%; 10 study groups), whereas in long-term studies (w6 mo) the mean difference was 8.3 nmol/L (95% CI: 2.1, 14.5 nmol/L; P > 0.009, I2 = 0%; 4 study groups). Conclusion: As the major food source of vitamin D, fish consumption increases concentrations of 25(OH)D, although recommended fish intakes cannot optimize vitamin D status.",

author = "Ulrike Lehmann and Gjessing, {Hanne Rosendahl} and Frank Hirche and Andreas Mueller-Belecke and Gudbrandsen, {Oddrun Anita} and Ueland, {Per Magne} and Gunnar Mellgren and Lotte Lauritzen and Helen Lindqvist and Hansen, {Anita Lill} and Erkkil{\"a}, {Arja T} and Pot, {Gerda K} and Stangl, {Gabriele I} and Jutta Dierkes",

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year = "2015",

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doi = "10.3945/ajcn.114.105395",

language = "English",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Efficacy of fish intake on vitamin D status

T2 - a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

AU - Lehmann, Ulrike

AU - Gjessing, Hanne Rosendahl

AU - Hirche, Frank

AU - Mueller-Belecke, Andreas

AU - Gudbrandsen, Oddrun Anita

AU - Ueland, Per Magne

AU - Mellgren, Gunnar

AU - Lauritzen, Lotte

AU - Lindqvist, Helen

AU - Hansen, Anita Lill

AU - Erkkilä, Arja T

AU - Pot, Gerda K

AU - Stangl, Gabriele I

AU - Dierkes, Jutta

N1 - CURIS 2015 NEXS 339

PY - 2015/10/1

Y1 - 2015/10/1

N2 - Background: It is well known that fish is the major natural source of vitamin D in the diet; therefore, this meta-analysis investigated the influence of fish consumption in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations. Objective: A literature search was carried out in Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library (up to February 2014) for RCTs that investigated the effect of fish consumption on 25(OH)D concentrations in comparison to other dietary interventions. Results: Seven articles and 2 unpublished study data sets with 640 subjects and 14 study groups met the inclusion criteria and were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with controls, the consumption of fish increased 25(OH)D concentrations, on average, by 4.4 nmol/L (95% CI: 1.7, 7.1 nmol/L; P > 0.0001, I2 = 25%; 9 studies).The type of the fish also played a key role: the consumption of fatty fish resulted in a mean difference of 6.8 nmol/L (95% CI: 3.7, 9.9 nmol/L; P > 0.0001, I2 = 0%; 7 study groups), whereas for lean fish the mean difference was 1.9 nmol/L (95% CI: 22.3, 6.0 nmol/L; P > 0.38, I2 = 37%; 7 study groups). Short-term studies (4-8 wk) showed a mean difference of 3.8 nmol/L (95% CI: 0.6, 6.9 nmol/L; P > 0.02, I2 = 38%; 10 study groups), whereas in long-term studies (w6 mo) the mean difference was 8.3 nmol/L (95% CI: 2.1, 14.5 nmol/L; P > 0.009, I2 = 0%; 4 study groups). Conclusion: As the major food source of vitamin D, fish consumption increases concentrations of 25(OH)D, although recommended fish intakes cannot optimize vitamin D status.

AB - Background: It is well known that fish is the major natural source of vitamin D in the diet; therefore, this meta-analysis investigated the influence of fish consumption in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations. Objective: A literature search was carried out in Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library (up to February 2014) for RCTs that investigated the effect of fish consumption on 25(OH)D concentrations in comparison to other dietary interventions. Results: Seven articles and 2 unpublished study data sets with 640 subjects and 14 study groups met the inclusion criteria and were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with controls, the consumption of fish increased 25(OH)D concentrations, on average, by 4.4 nmol/L (95% CI: 1.7, 7.1 nmol/L; P > 0.0001, I2 = 25%; 9 studies).The type of the fish also played a key role: the consumption of fatty fish resulted in a mean difference of 6.8 nmol/L (95% CI: 3.7, 9.9 nmol/L; P > 0.0001, I2 = 0%; 7 study groups), whereas for lean fish the mean difference was 1.9 nmol/L (95% CI: 22.3, 6.0 nmol/L; P > 0.38, I2 = 37%; 7 study groups). Short-term studies (4-8 wk) showed a mean difference of 3.8 nmol/L (95% CI: 0.6, 6.9 nmol/L; P > 0.02, I2 = 38%; 10 study groups), whereas in long-term studies (w6 mo) the mean difference was 8.3 nmol/L (95% CI: 2.1, 14.5 nmol/L; P > 0.009, I2 = 0%; 4 study groups). Conclusion: As the major food source of vitamin D, fish consumption increases concentrations of 25(OH)D, although recommended fish intakes cannot optimize vitamin D status.

U2 - 10.3945/ajcn.114.105395

DO - 10.3945/ajcn.114.105395

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 26354531

SN - 0002-9165

VL - 102

SP - 837

EP - 847

JO - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

JF - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

IS - 4

ER -

Efficacy of fish intake on vitamin D status: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

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