Effects of oral glutamine supplementation on exercise-induced gastrointestinal permeability and tight junction protein expression

Micah N Zuhl; Kathryn R Lanphere; Len Kravitz; Christine M Mermier; Suzanne Schneider; Karol Dokladny; Pope L Moseley

doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00646.2013

Effects of oral glutamine supplementation on exercise-induced gastrointestinal permeability and tight junction protein expression

Micah N Zuhl, Kathryn R Lanphere, Len Kravitz, Christine M Mermier, Suzanne Schneider, Karol Dokladny, Pope L Moseley

Disease Systems Biology Program

60 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The objectives of this study are threefold: 1) to assess whether 7 days of oral glutamine (GLN) supplementation reduces exercise-induced intestinal permeability; 2) whether supplementation prevents the proinflammatory response; and 3) whether these changes are associated with upregulation of the heat shock response. On separate occasions, eight human subjects participated in baseline testing and in GLN and placebo (PLA) supplementation trials, followed by a 60-min treadmill run. Intestinal permeability was higher in the PLA trial compared with baseline and GLN trials (0.0604 ± 0.047 vs. 0.0218 ± 0.008 and 0.0272 ± 0.007, respectively; P < 0.05). IκBα expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was higher 240 min after exercise in the GLN trial compared with the PLA trial (1.411 ± 0.523 vs. 0.9839 ± 0.343, respectively; P < 0.05). In vitro using the intestinal epithelial cell line Caco-2, we measured effects of GLN supplementation (0, 4, and 6 mM) on heat-induced (37° or 41.8°C) heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), heat shock factor-1 (HSF-1), and occludin expression. HSF-1 and HSP70 levels increased in 6 mM supplementation at 41°C compared with 0 mM at 41°C (1.785 ± 0.495 vs. 0.6681 ± 0.290, and 1.973 ± 0.325 vs. 1.133 ± 0.129, respectively; P < 0.05). Occludin levels increased after 4 mM supplementation at 41°C and 6 mM at 41°C compared with 0 mM at 41°C (1.236 ± 0.219 and 1.849 ± 0.564 vs. 0.7434 ± 0.027, respectively; P < 0.001). GLN supplementation prevented exercise-induced permeability, possibly through HSF-1 activation.

Original language	English
Journal	Journal of Applied Physiology
Volume	116
Issue number	2
Pages (from-to)	183-91
Number of pages	9
ISSN	8750-7587
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00646.2013
Publication status	Published - 15 Jan 2014

Keywords

Administration, Oral
Adult
Caco-2 Cells
Cell Line
DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
Dietary Supplements
Epithelial Cells/drug effects
Exercise/physiology
Female
Gastrointestinal Tract/drug effects
Glutamine/administration & dosage
HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism
Heat Shock Transcription Factors
Hot Temperature
Humans
I-kappa B Proteins/metabolism
Intestinal Absorption/drug effects
Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
Male
NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha
Tight Junction Proteins/metabolism
Tight Junctions/drug effects
Transcription Factors/metabolism
Up-Regulation/drug effects
Young Adult

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10.1152/japplphysiol.00646.2013

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title = "Effects of oral glutamine supplementation on exercise-induced gastrointestinal permeability and tight junction protein expression",

abstract = "The objectives of this study are threefold: 1) to assess whether 7 days of oral glutamine (GLN) supplementation reduces exercise-induced intestinal permeability; 2) whether supplementation prevents the proinflammatory response; and 3) whether these changes are associated with upregulation of the heat shock response. On separate occasions, eight human subjects participated in baseline testing and in GLN and placebo (PLA) supplementation trials, followed by a 60-min treadmill run. Intestinal permeability was higher in the PLA trial compared with baseline and GLN trials (0.0604 ± 0.047 vs. 0.0218 ± 0.008 and 0.0272 ± 0.007, respectively; P < 0.05). IκBα expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was higher 240 min after exercise in the GLN trial compared with the PLA trial (1.411 ± 0.523 vs. 0.9839 ± 0.343, respectively; P < 0.05). In vitro using the intestinal epithelial cell line Caco-2, we measured effects of GLN supplementation (0, 4, and 6 mM) on heat-induced (37° or 41.8°C) heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), heat shock factor-1 (HSF-1), and occludin expression. HSF-1 and HSP70 levels increased in 6 mM supplementation at 41°C compared with 0 mM at 41°C (1.785 ± 0.495 vs. 0.6681 ± 0.290, and 1.973 ± 0.325 vs. 1.133 ± 0.129, respectively; P < 0.05). Occludin levels increased after 4 mM supplementation at 41°C and 6 mM at 41°C compared with 0 mM at 41°C (1.236 ± 0.219 and 1.849 ± 0.564 vs. 0.7434 ± 0.027, respectively; P < 0.001). GLN supplementation prevented exercise-induced permeability, possibly through HSF-1 activation.",

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author = "Zuhl, {Micah N} and Lanphere, {Kathryn R} and Len Kravitz and Mermier, {Christine M} and Suzanne Schneider and Karol Dokladny and Moseley, {Pope L}",

year = "2014",

month = jan,

day = "15",

doi = "10.1152/japplphysiol.00646.2013",

language = "English",

volume = "116",

pages = "183--91",

journal = "Journal of Applied Physiology",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Effects of oral glutamine supplementation on exercise-induced gastrointestinal permeability and tight junction protein expression

AU - Zuhl, Micah N

AU - Lanphere, Kathryn R

AU - Kravitz, Len

AU - Mermier, Christine M

AU - Schneider, Suzanne

AU - Dokladny, Karol

AU - Moseley, Pope L

PY - 2014/1/15

Y1 - 2014/1/15

N2 - The objectives of this study are threefold: 1) to assess whether 7 days of oral glutamine (GLN) supplementation reduces exercise-induced intestinal permeability; 2) whether supplementation prevents the proinflammatory response; and 3) whether these changes are associated with upregulation of the heat shock response. On separate occasions, eight human subjects participated in baseline testing and in GLN and placebo (PLA) supplementation trials, followed by a 60-min treadmill run. Intestinal permeability was higher in the PLA trial compared with baseline and GLN trials (0.0604 ± 0.047 vs. 0.0218 ± 0.008 and 0.0272 ± 0.007, respectively; P < 0.05). IκBα expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was higher 240 min after exercise in the GLN trial compared with the PLA trial (1.411 ± 0.523 vs. 0.9839 ± 0.343, respectively; P < 0.05). In vitro using the intestinal epithelial cell line Caco-2, we measured effects of GLN supplementation (0, 4, and 6 mM) on heat-induced (37° or 41.8°C) heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), heat shock factor-1 (HSF-1), and occludin expression. HSF-1 and HSP70 levels increased in 6 mM supplementation at 41°C compared with 0 mM at 41°C (1.785 ± 0.495 vs. 0.6681 ± 0.290, and 1.973 ± 0.325 vs. 1.133 ± 0.129, respectively; P < 0.05). Occludin levels increased after 4 mM supplementation at 41°C and 6 mM at 41°C compared with 0 mM at 41°C (1.236 ± 0.219 and 1.849 ± 0.564 vs. 0.7434 ± 0.027, respectively; P < 0.001). GLN supplementation prevented exercise-induced permeability, possibly through HSF-1 activation.

AB - The objectives of this study are threefold: 1) to assess whether 7 days of oral glutamine (GLN) supplementation reduces exercise-induced intestinal permeability; 2) whether supplementation prevents the proinflammatory response; and 3) whether these changes are associated with upregulation of the heat shock response. On separate occasions, eight human subjects participated in baseline testing and in GLN and placebo (PLA) supplementation trials, followed by a 60-min treadmill run. Intestinal permeability was higher in the PLA trial compared with baseline and GLN trials (0.0604 ± 0.047 vs. 0.0218 ± 0.008 and 0.0272 ± 0.007, respectively; P < 0.05). IκBα expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was higher 240 min after exercise in the GLN trial compared with the PLA trial (1.411 ± 0.523 vs. 0.9839 ± 0.343, respectively; P < 0.05). In vitro using the intestinal epithelial cell line Caco-2, we measured effects of GLN supplementation (0, 4, and 6 mM) on heat-induced (37° or 41.8°C) heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), heat shock factor-1 (HSF-1), and occludin expression. HSF-1 and HSP70 levels increased in 6 mM supplementation at 41°C compared with 0 mM at 41°C (1.785 ± 0.495 vs. 0.6681 ± 0.290, and 1.973 ± 0.325 vs. 1.133 ± 0.129, respectively; P < 0.05). Occludin levels increased after 4 mM supplementation at 41°C and 6 mM at 41°C compared with 0 mM at 41°C (1.236 ± 0.219 and 1.849 ± 0.564 vs. 0.7434 ± 0.027, respectively; P < 0.001). GLN supplementation prevented exercise-induced permeability, possibly through HSF-1 activation.

KW - Administration, Oral

KW - Adult

KW - Caco-2 Cells

KW - Cell Line

KW - DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism

KW - Dietary Supplements

KW - Epithelial Cells/drug effects

KW - Exercise/physiology

KW - Female

KW - Gastrointestinal Tract/drug effects

KW - Glutamine/administration & dosage

KW - HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism

KW - Heat Shock Transcription Factors

KW - Hot Temperature

KW - Humans

KW - I-kappa B Proteins/metabolism

KW - Intestinal Absorption/drug effects

KW - Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects

KW - Male

KW - NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha

KW - Tight Junction Proteins/metabolism

KW - Tight Junctions/drug effects

KW - Transcription Factors/metabolism

KW - Up-Regulation/drug effects

KW - Young Adult

U2 - 10.1152/japplphysiol.00646.2013

DO - 10.1152/japplphysiol.00646.2013

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 24285149

SN - 8750-7587

VL - 116

SP - 183

EP - 191

JO - Journal of Applied Physiology

JF - Journal of Applied Physiology

IS - 2

ER -

Effects of oral glutamine supplementation on exercise-induced gastrointestinal permeability and tight junction protein expression

Abstract

Keywords

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