Effects of high-intensity training on cardiovascular risk factors in pre- and postmenopausal women

TY - JOUR

T1 - Effects of high-intensity training on cardiovascular risk factors in pre- and postmenopausal women

AU - Mandrup Jensen, Camilla Maria

AU - Egelund, Jon

AU - Nyberg, Michael Permin

AU - Slingsby, Martina Helena

AU - Andersen, Caroline Borup

AU - Løgstrup, Sofie

AU - Bangsbo, Jens

AU - Suetta, Charlotte Arneboe

AU - Stallknecht, Bente Merete

AU - Hellsten, Ylva

N1 - CURIS 2017 NEXS 107

PY - 2017/4/1

Y1 - 2017/4/1

N2 - Background Menopause is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and the causal factors have been proposed to be the loss of estrogen and the subsequent alterations of the hormonal milieu. However, which factors contribute to the deterioration of cardiometabolic health in postmenopausal women is debated as the menopausal transition is also associated with increased age and fat mass. Furthermore, indications of reduced cardiometabolic adaptations to exercise in postmenopausal women add to the adverse health profile. Objective We sought to evaluate risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in late premenopausal and early postmenopausal women, matched by age and body composition, and investigate the effect of high-intensity training. Study Design A 3-month high-intensity aerobic training intervention, involving healthy, nonobese, late premenopausal (n = 40) and early postmenopausal (n = 39) women was conducted and anthropometrics, body composition, blood pressure, lipid profile, glucose tolerance, and maximal oxygen consumption were determined at baseline and after the intervention. Results At baseline, the groups matched in anthropometrics and body composition, and only differed by 4.2 years in age (mean [95% confidence limits] 49.2 [48.5-49.9] vs 53.4 [52.4-54.4] years). Time since last menstrual period for the postmenopausal women was (mean [95% confidence limits] 3.1 [2.6-3.7] years). Hormonal levels (estrogen, follicle stimulation hormone, luteinizing hormone) confirmed menopausal status. At baseline the postmenopausal women had higher total cholesterol (P <.001), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (P <.05), and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (P <.001) than the premenopausal women. The training intervention reduced body weight (P <.01), waist circumference (P <.01), and improved body composition by increasing lean body mass (P <.001) and decreasing fat mass (P <.001) similarly in both groups. Moreover, training resulted in lower diastolic blood pressure (P <.05), resting heart rate (P <.001), total cholesterol (P <.01), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (P <.01), total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol index (P <.01), and improved plasma insulin concentration during the oral glucose tolerance test (P <.05) in both groups. Conclusion Cardiovascular risk factors are similar in late premenopausal and early postmenopausal women, matched by age and body composition, with the exception that postmenopausal women have higher high- and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels. A 3-month intervention of high-intensity aerobic training reduces risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease to a similar extent in late premenopausal and early postmenopausal women.

AB - Background Menopause is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and the causal factors have been proposed to be the loss of estrogen and the subsequent alterations of the hormonal milieu. However, which factors contribute to the deterioration of cardiometabolic health in postmenopausal women is debated as the menopausal transition is also associated with increased age and fat mass. Furthermore, indications of reduced cardiometabolic adaptations to exercise in postmenopausal women add to the adverse health profile. Objective We sought to evaluate risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in late premenopausal and early postmenopausal women, matched by age and body composition, and investigate the effect of high-intensity training. Study Design A 3-month high-intensity aerobic training intervention, involving healthy, nonobese, late premenopausal (n = 40) and early postmenopausal (n = 39) women was conducted and anthropometrics, body composition, blood pressure, lipid profile, glucose tolerance, and maximal oxygen consumption were determined at baseline and after the intervention. Results At baseline, the groups matched in anthropometrics and body composition, and only differed by 4.2 years in age (mean [95% confidence limits] 49.2 [48.5-49.9] vs 53.4 [52.4-54.4] years). Time since last menstrual period for the postmenopausal women was (mean [95% confidence limits] 3.1 [2.6-3.7] years). Hormonal levels (estrogen, follicle stimulation hormone, luteinizing hormone) confirmed menopausal status. At baseline the postmenopausal women had higher total cholesterol (P <.001), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (P <.05), and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (P <.001) than the premenopausal women. The training intervention reduced body weight (P <.01), waist circumference (P <.01), and improved body composition by increasing lean body mass (P <.001) and decreasing fat mass (P <.001) similarly in both groups. Moreover, training resulted in lower diastolic blood pressure (P <.05), resting heart rate (P <.001), total cholesterol (P <.01), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (P <.01), total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol index (P <.01), and improved plasma insulin concentration during the oral glucose tolerance test (P <.05) in both groups. Conclusion Cardiovascular risk factors are similar in late premenopausal and early postmenopausal women, matched by age and body composition, with the exception that postmenopausal women have higher high- and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels. A 3-month intervention of high-intensity aerobic training reduces risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease to a similar extent in late premenopausal and early postmenopausal women.

KW - Faculty of Science

KW - Cardiorespiratory fitness

KW - Cardiovascular risk factors

KW - Glucose metabolism

KW - High-intensity exercise

KW - Lipids

KW - Menopause

KW - Metabolic risk

U2 - 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.12.017

DO - 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.12.017

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 28024987

SN - 0002-9378

VL - 216

SP - e1-e11

JO - American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

JF - American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

IS - 4

M1 - 384

ER -