Effects of adding chymosin to milk on calcium homeostasis: a randomized, double-blind, cross-over study

TY - JOUR

T1 - Effects of adding chymosin to milk on calcium homeostasis

T2 - a randomized, double-blind, cross-over study

AU - Møller, Ulla Kristine

AU - Jensen, Lars Thorbjørn

AU - Mosekilde, Leif

AU - Rejnmark, Lars

PY - 2015/2

Y1 - 2015/2

N2 - Calcium intake and absorption is important for bone health. In a randomized double-blind cross-over trial, we investigated effects of adding chymosin to milk on the intestinal calcium absorption as measured by renal calcium excretion and indices of calcium homeostasis. The primary outcome of the study was 24-h renal calcium excretion that is considered a proxy measure of the amount of calcium absorbed from the intestine. We studied 125 healthy men and women, aged 34 (25-45) years on two separate days. On each day, a light breakfast was served together with 500 ml of semi-skimmed milk to which either chymosin or similar placebo was added. Compared with placebo, chymosin did not affect 24-h urinary calcium, calcium/creatinine ratio, plasma parathyroid hormone, calcitonin or ionized calcium levels. However, during the first 4 h after intake of milk with chymosin, urinary calcium-creatinine ratio was significantly increased (17%) compared with placebo. Stratification by daily calcium intake showed effect of chymosin in participant with a habitual intake above the median (>1,050 mg/day) in whom both urinary calcium and calcium/creatinine ratio were significantly increased compared with placebo. Effects did not depend on plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. Chymosin added to milk increases renal calcium excretion in the hours following intake without affecting plasma levels of calcium or calciotropic hormones. The effect most likely represents enhanced intestinal calcium absorption shortly after intake. Further studies are warranted on whether intake of milk-added chymosin may cause beneficial effects on bone. www.ClinicalTrials.gov no. NCT01370941.

AB - Calcium intake and absorption is important for bone health. In a randomized double-blind cross-over trial, we investigated effects of adding chymosin to milk on the intestinal calcium absorption as measured by renal calcium excretion and indices of calcium homeostasis. The primary outcome of the study was 24-h renal calcium excretion that is considered a proxy measure of the amount of calcium absorbed from the intestine. We studied 125 healthy men and women, aged 34 (25-45) years on two separate days. On each day, a light breakfast was served together with 500 ml of semi-skimmed milk to which either chymosin or similar placebo was added. Compared with placebo, chymosin did not affect 24-h urinary calcium, calcium/creatinine ratio, plasma parathyroid hormone, calcitonin or ionized calcium levels. However, during the first 4 h after intake of milk with chymosin, urinary calcium-creatinine ratio was significantly increased (17%) compared with placebo. Stratification by daily calcium intake showed effect of chymosin in participant with a habitual intake above the median (>1,050 mg/day) in whom both urinary calcium and calcium/creatinine ratio were significantly increased compared with placebo. Effects did not depend on plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. Chymosin added to milk increases renal calcium excretion in the hours following intake without affecting plasma levels of calcium or calciotropic hormones. The effect most likely represents enhanced intestinal calcium absorption shortly after intake. Further studies are warranted on whether intake of milk-added chymosin may cause beneficial effects on bone. www.ClinicalTrials.gov no. NCT01370941.

KW - Adult

KW - Animals

KW - Bone Density Conservation Agents

KW - Bone and Bones

KW - Calcium

KW - Calcium, Dietary

KW - Chymosin

KW - Cross-Over Studies

KW - Double-Blind Method

KW - Female

KW - Homeostasis

KW - Humans

KW - Male

KW - Middle Aged

KW - Milk

KW - Parathyroid Hormone

KW - Journal Article

KW - Randomized Controlled Trial

KW - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

U2 - 10.1007/s00223-014-9942-8

DO - 10.1007/s00223-014-9942-8

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 25515208

SN - 0171-967X

VL - 96

SP - 105

EP - 112

JO - Calcified Tissue International

JF - Calcified Tissue International

IS - 2

ER -