Effect of physical training on insulin secretion and action in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients

TY - JOUR

T1 - Effect of physical training on insulin secretion and action in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients

AU - Dela, Flemming

AU - Stallknecht, Bente Merete

PY - 2010/7/1

Y1 - 2010/7/1

N2 - Physical training affects insulin secretion and action, but there is a paucity of data on the direct effects in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue and on the effect of training in first-degree relatives (FDR) of patients with type 2 diabetes. We studied insulin action at the whole body level and peripherally in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue as well as insulin-secretory capacity in seven FDR and eight control (CON) subjects before and after 12 wk of endurance training. Training improved physical fitness. Insulin-mediated glucose uptake (GU) increased (whole body and leg; P < 0.05) after training in CON but not in FDR, whereas glucose-mediated GU increased (P < 0.05) in both groups. Adipose tissue GU was not affected by training, but it was higher (abdominal, P < 0.05; femoral, P = 0.09) in FDR compared with CON. Training increased skeletal muscle lipolysis (P < 0.05), and it was markedly higher (P < 0.05) in subcutaneous abdominal than in femoral adipose tissue and quadriceps muscle with no difference between FDR and CON. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was lower in FDR compared with CON, but no effect of training was seen. Glucagon-like peptide-1 stimulated insulin secretion five- to sevenfold. We conclude that insulin-secretory capacity is lower in FDR than in CON and that there is dissociation between training-induced changes in insulin secretion and insulin-mediated GU. Maximal GU rates are similar between groups and increases with physical training.

AB - Physical training affects insulin secretion and action, but there is a paucity of data on the direct effects in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue and on the effect of training in first-degree relatives (FDR) of patients with type 2 diabetes. We studied insulin action at the whole body level and peripherally in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue as well as insulin-secretory capacity in seven FDR and eight control (CON) subjects before and after 12 wk of endurance training. Training improved physical fitness. Insulin-mediated glucose uptake (GU) increased (whole body and leg; P < 0.05) after training in CON but not in FDR, whereas glucose-mediated GU increased (P < 0.05) in both groups. Adipose tissue GU was not affected by training, but it was higher (abdominal, P < 0.05; femoral, P = 0.09) in FDR compared with CON. Training increased skeletal muscle lipolysis (P < 0.05), and it was markedly higher (P < 0.05) in subcutaneous abdominal than in femoral adipose tissue and quadriceps muscle with no difference between FDR and CON. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was lower in FDR compared with CON, but no effect of training was seen. Glucagon-like peptide-1 stimulated insulin secretion five- to sevenfold. We conclude that insulin-secretory capacity is lower in FDR than in CON and that there is dissociation between training-induced changes in insulin secretion and insulin-mediated GU. Maximal GU rates are similar between groups and increases with physical training.

KW - Adipose Tissue

KW - Adult

KW - Blood Glucose

KW - Body Composition

KW - C-Peptide

KW - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

KW - Exercise

KW - Fatty Acids, Nonesterified

KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease

KW - Glucagon-Like Peptide 1

KW - Glucose Clamp Technique

KW - Humans

KW - Insulin

KW - Lactic Acid

KW - Male

KW - Muscle, Skeletal

KW - Oxygen Consumption

U2 - 10.1152/ajpendo.00765.2009

DO - 10.1152/ajpendo.00765.2009

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 20407006

SN - 0193-1849

VL - 299

SP - E80-91

JO - American Journal of Physiology: Endocrinology and Metabolism

JF - American Journal of Physiology: Endocrinology and Metabolism

IS - 1

ER -