Effect of fish oil supplementation in pregnancy on bone, lean, and fat mass at six years: randomised clinical trial

TY - JOUR

T1 - Effect of fish oil supplementation in pregnancy on bone, lean, and fat mass at six years

T2 - randomised clinical trial

AU - Vinding, Rebecca Kofod

AU - Stokholm, Jakob

AU - Sevelsted, Astrid

AU - Sejersen, Tobias

AU - Chawes, Bo L

AU - Bønnelykke, Klaus

AU - Thorsen, Jonathan

AU - Howe, Laura D

AU - Krakauer, Martin

AU - Bisgaard, Hans

N1 - Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

PY - 2018

Y1 - 2018

N2 - Objective To examine the effect of supplementation with n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) in pregnancy on anthropometry and body composition in offspring. Design Double blinded, randomised controlled trial. Setting Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood 2010 cohort. Participants 736 pregnant women and their offspring. Intervention n-3 LCPUFA (fish oil) or control (olive oil) daily from pregnancy week 24 until one week after birth. Main outcome measures Height/length, weight, head, and waist measurements and body composition from dual energy x ray absorptiometry (all pre-specified secondary endpoints of the n-3 LCPUFA trial; the primary outcome for the trial was persistent wheeze/asthma). Results The mean body mass index (BMI) z score was increased between age 0 and 6 years in the fish oil supplementation group compared with the control group (0.14 (95% confidence interval 0.04 to 0.23); P=0.006). At 6 years, supplementation was associated with a higher BMI z score (0.19 (0.06 to 0.32); P=0.004), a higher weight/height (3.48 (0.38 to 6.57) g/cm; P=0.03), and a larger waist circumference (0.6 (0.0 to 1.2) cm; P=0.04) but not a higher proportion of obese children, using International Obesity Task Force grades. The dual energy x ray absorptiometry scan at age 6 years showed a higher total mass (395.4 (86.6 to 704.3) g; P=0.01) in the supplementation versus the control group, explained by a higher lean mass (280.7 (98.9 to 462.4) g; P=0.002), a higher bone mineral content (10.3 (2.3 to 18.1) g; P=0.01), and a non-significantly higher fat mass (116.3 (-92.9 to 325.5) g; P=0.28), but no differences were seen in total body fat or lean mass percentage. Conclusion Fish oil supplementation from the 24th week of pregnancy led to a higher BMI in the offspring from 0 to 6 years of age but not an increased risk of obesity at age 6. The body composition at age 6 years in children given fish oil supplementation was characterised by a proportional increase in lean, bone, and fat mass suggesting a general growth stimulating effect of n-3 LCPUFA.

AB - Objective To examine the effect of supplementation with n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) in pregnancy on anthropometry and body composition in offspring. Design Double blinded, randomised controlled trial. Setting Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood 2010 cohort. Participants 736 pregnant women and their offspring. Intervention n-3 LCPUFA (fish oil) or control (olive oil) daily from pregnancy week 24 until one week after birth. Main outcome measures Height/length, weight, head, and waist measurements and body composition from dual energy x ray absorptiometry (all pre-specified secondary endpoints of the n-3 LCPUFA trial; the primary outcome for the trial was persistent wheeze/asthma). Results The mean body mass index (BMI) z score was increased between age 0 and 6 years in the fish oil supplementation group compared with the control group (0.14 (95% confidence interval 0.04 to 0.23); P=0.006). At 6 years, supplementation was associated with a higher BMI z score (0.19 (0.06 to 0.32); P=0.004), a higher weight/height (3.48 (0.38 to 6.57) g/cm; P=0.03), and a larger waist circumference (0.6 (0.0 to 1.2) cm; P=0.04) but not a higher proportion of obese children, using International Obesity Task Force grades. The dual energy x ray absorptiometry scan at age 6 years showed a higher total mass (395.4 (86.6 to 704.3) g; P=0.01) in the supplementation versus the control group, explained by a higher lean mass (280.7 (98.9 to 462.4) g; P=0.002), a higher bone mineral content (10.3 (2.3 to 18.1) g; P=0.01), and a non-significantly higher fat mass (116.3 (-92.9 to 325.5) g; P=0.28), but no differences were seen in total body fat or lean mass percentage. Conclusion Fish oil supplementation from the 24th week of pregnancy led to a higher BMI in the offspring from 0 to 6 years of age but not an increased risk of obesity at age 6. The body composition at age 6 years in children given fish oil supplementation was characterised by a proportional increase in lean, bone, and fat mass suggesting a general growth stimulating effect of n-3 LCPUFA.

KW - Absorptiometry, Photon

KW - Adult

KW - Body Mass Index

KW - Bone Density/drug effects

KW - Bone Development/drug effects

KW - Child

KW - Dietary Supplements

KW - Double-Blind Method

KW - Fatty Acids, Omega-3/administration & dosage

KW - Female

KW - Fish Oils/administration & dosage

KW - Humans

KW - Infant

KW - Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena

KW - Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena

KW - Pregnancy

KW - Prenatal Care

KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects

KW - Prospective Studies

U2 - 10.1136/bmj.k3312

DO - 10.1136/bmj.k3312

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 30181143

SN - 0959-8146

VL - 362

SP - 1

EP - 9

JO - BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

JF - BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

M1 - k3312

ER -