Effect of 10 days of bedrest on metabolic and vascular insulin action: a study in individuals at risk for type 2 diabetes

TY - JOUR

T1 - Effect of 10 days of bedrest on metabolic and vascular insulin action: a study in individuals at risk for type 2 diabetes

AU - Sonne, Mette P

AU - Alibegovic, Amra C

AU - Højbjerre, Lise

AU - Vaag, Allan

AU - Stallknecht, Bente Merete

AU - Dela, Flemming

PY - 2010/4/1

Y1 - 2010/4/1

N2 - Physical inactivity is a known risk factor for type 2 diabetes. We studied whole body and forearm insulin sensitivity in subjects at increased risk for type 2 diabetes [persons with low birth weight (LBW group; η = 20) and first-degree relatives to type 2 diabetic patients (FDR group; η = 13)] as well as a control (CON) group (η = 20) matched for body mass index, age, and physical activity levels before and after 10 days of bedrest. Subjects were studied by hyperinsulinemic isoglycemic clamp combined with arterial and deep venous catheterization of the forearm. Forearm blood flow (FBF) was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography. All groups responded with a decrease in whole body insulin sensitivity in response to bedrest [CON group: 6.8 ± 0.5 to 4.3 ± 0.3 mg.min-1kg-1 (P < 0.0001), LBW group: 6.2 ± 0.5 to 4.3 ± 0.3 mg.min-1kg-1 (P < 0.0001), and FDR group: 4.3 ± 0.7 to 3.1 ± 0.3 mg.min -1\kg-1 (P = 0.068)]. The percent decrease was significantly greater in the CON group compared with the FDR group (CON group: 34 ± 4%, LBW group: 27 ± 4%, and FDR group: 10 ± 13%). Forearm insulin-stimulated glucose clearance decreased significantly in the CON and LBW groups in response to bedrest; in the FDR group, clearance was very low before bedrest and no change was observed. Before bedrest, the CON and LBW groups demonstrated a significant increase in FBF during hyperinsulinemia; after bedrest, an increase in FBF was observed only in the CON group. In conclusion, bedrest induced a pronounced reduction in whole body, skeletal muscle, and vascular insulin sensitivity in the CON and LBW groups. The changes were most pronounced in the CON group. In the FDR group, insulin resistance was already present before bedrest but even this group displayed a high sensitivity to changes in daily physical activity.

AB - Physical inactivity is a known risk factor for type 2 diabetes. We studied whole body and forearm insulin sensitivity in subjects at increased risk for type 2 diabetes [persons with low birth weight (LBW group; η = 20) and first-degree relatives to type 2 diabetic patients (FDR group; η = 13)] as well as a control (CON) group (η = 20) matched for body mass index, age, and physical activity levels before and after 10 days of bedrest. Subjects were studied by hyperinsulinemic isoglycemic clamp combined with arterial and deep venous catheterization of the forearm. Forearm blood flow (FBF) was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography. All groups responded with a decrease in whole body insulin sensitivity in response to bedrest [CON group: 6.8 ± 0.5 to 4.3 ± 0.3 mg.min-1kg-1 (P < 0.0001), LBW group: 6.2 ± 0.5 to 4.3 ± 0.3 mg.min-1kg-1 (P < 0.0001), and FDR group: 4.3 ± 0.7 to 3.1 ± 0.3 mg.min -1\kg-1 (P = 0.068)]. The percent decrease was significantly greater in the CON group compared with the FDR group (CON group: 34 ± 4%, LBW group: 27 ± 4%, and FDR group: 10 ± 13%). Forearm insulin-stimulated glucose clearance decreased significantly in the CON and LBW groups in response to bedrest; in the FDR group, clearance was very low before bedrest and no change was observed. Before bedrest, the CON and LBW groups demonstrated a significant increase in FBF during hyperinsulinemia; after bedrest, an increase in FBF was observed only in the CON group. In conclusion, bedrest induced a pronounced reduction in whole body, skeletal muscle, and vascular insulin sensitivity in the CON and LBW groups. The changes were most pronounced in the CON group. In the FDR group, insulin resistance was already present before bedrest but even this group displayed a high sensitivity to changes in daily physical activity.

KW - Adult

KW - Bed Rest

KW - Blood Flow Velocity

KW - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

KW - Exercise

KW - Family Health

KW - Forearm

KW - Glucose Clamp Technique

KW - Humans

KW - Hyperinsulinism

KW - Hypoglycemic Agents

KW - Infant, Low Birth Weight

KW - Infant, Newborn

KW - Insulin

KW - Insulin Resistance

KW - Male

KW - Muscle, Skeletal

KW - Regional Blood Flow

U2 - 10.1152/japplphysiol.00545.2009

DO - 10.1152/japplphysiol.00545.2009

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 20110547

SN - 8750-7587

VL - 108

SP - 830

EP - 837

JO - Journal of Applied Physiology

JF - Journal of Applied Physiology

IS - 4

ER -