Eemian interglacial reconstructed from a Greenland folded ice core

Dorthe Dahl-Jensen; M. R. Albert; A. Aldahan; N. Azuma; David Morten Balslev-Clausen; M. Baumgartner; A.-M. Berggren; M. Bigler; Thomas Binder; Thomas Blunier; J.C. Bourgeois; E.J. Brook; Susanne Lilja Buchardt; Christo Buizert; E. Capron; J. Chappellaz; J. Chung; Henrik Brink Clausen; Ivana Cvijanovic; S.M. Davies; Peter Ditlevsen; O. Eicher; H. Fischer; D. A. Fisher; L.G. Fleet; G. Gfeller; Vasileios Gkinis; S. Gogineni; K. Goto-Azuma; Aslak Grinsted; H. Gudlaugsdottir; Myriam Guillevic; S. B. Hansen; M. Hansson; M. Hirabayashi; S. Hong; S.D. Hur; P. Huybrechts; Christine Schøtt Hvidberg; Y. Iizuka; Theo Manuel Jenk; Sigfus Johann Johnsen; T.R. Jones; J. Jouzel; Nanna Bjørnholt Karlsson; K. Kawamura; K. Keegan; Ernesto Kettner; S. Kipfstuhl; Helle Astrid Kjær; M. Koutnik; T. Kuramoto; P. Köhler; T. Laepple; A. Landais; Peter Lang Langen; Lars Berg Larsen; D. Leuenberger; M. Leuenberger; C. Leuschen; J. Li; V. Lipenkov; P. Martinerie; O. J. Maselli; V. Masson-Delmotte; J. R. McConnell; H. Miller; O. Mini; A. Miyamoto; M. Montagnat-Rentier; R. Mulvaney; R. Muscheler; A.J. Orsi; J. Paden; Christian Panton; F. Pattyn; J.-R. Petit; K. Pol; Trevor James Popp; G. Possnert; F. Prié; M. Prokopiou; A. Quiquet; Sune Olander Rasmussen; D. Raynaud; J. Ren; Corentin Reutenauer; C. Ritz; T. Röckmann; J.L. Rosen; Mauro Rubino; O. Rybak; D. Samyn; C.J. Sapart; A. Schilt; Astrid Mariah Zelma Schmidt; J. Schwander; S. Schüpbach; Inger Kathrine Seierstad; J. P. Severinghaus; S. Sheldon; Sebastian Bjerregaard Simonsen; Jesper Sjolte; Anne Munck Solgaard; T. Sowers; Peter Sperlich; Hans Christian Steen-Larsen; K. Steffen; Jørgen Peder Steffensen; D. Steinhage; T.F. Stocker; Christopher Stowasser; A.S. Sturevik; W.T. Sturges; A. Sveinbjörnsdottir; Anders Svensson; J.-L. Tison; J. Uetake; Paul Travis Vallelonga; R.S.W. Van De Wal; G. Van Der Wel; B.H. Vaughn; Bo Møllesøe Vinther; E. Waddington; A. Wegner; I. Weikusat; J. W. C. White; F. Wilhelms; Mai Winstrup; E. Witrant; E.W. Wolff; C. Xiao; Jin Zheng

doi:10.1038/nature11789

Eemian interglacial reconstructed from a Greenland folded ice core

Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, M. R. Albert, A. Aldahan, N. Azuma, David Morten Balslev-Clausen, M. Baumgartner, A.-M. Berggren, M. Bigler, Thomas Binder, Thomas Blunier, J.C. Bourgeois, E.J. Brook, Susanne Lilja Buchardt, Christo Buizert, E. Capron, J. Chappellaz, J. Chung, Henrik Brink Clausen, Ivana Cvijanovic, S.M. DaviesPeter Ditlevsen, O. Eicher, H. Fischer, D. A. Fisher, L.G. Fleet, G. Gfeller, Vasileios Gkinis, S. Gogineni, K. Goto-Azuma, Aslak Grinsted, H. Gudlaugsdottir, Myriam Guillevic, S. B. Hansen, M. Hansson, M. Hirabayashi, S. Hong, S.D. Hur, P. Huybrechts, Christine Schøtt Hvidberg, Y. Iizuka, Theo Manuel Jenk, Sigfus Johann Johnsen, T.R. Jones, J. Jouzel, Nanna Bjørnholt Karlsson, K. Kawamura, K. Keegan, Ernesto Kettner, S. Kipfstuhl, Helle Astrid Kjær, M. Koutnik, T. Kuramoto, P. Köhler, T. Laepple, A. Landais, Peter Lang Langen, Lars Berg Larsen, D. Leuenberger, M. Leuenberger, C. Leuschen, J. Li, V. Lipenkov, P. Martinerie, O. J. Maselli, V. Masson-Delmotte, J. R. McConnell, H. Miller, O. Mini, A. Miyamoto, M. Montagnat-Rentier, R. Mulvaney, R. Muscheler, A.J. Orsi, J. Paden, Christian Panton, F. Pattyn, J.-R. Petit, K. Pol, Trevor James Popp, G. Possnert, F. Prié, M. Prokopiou, A. Quiquet, Sune Olander Rasmussen, D. Raynaud, J. Ren, Corentin Reutenauer, C. Ritz, T. Röckmann, J.L. Rosen, Mauro Rubino, O. Rybak, D. Samyn, C.J. Sapart, A. Schilt, Astrid Mariah Zelma Schmidt, J. Schwander, S. Schüpbach, Inger Kathrine Seierstad, J. P. Severinghaus, S. Sheldon, Sebastian Bjerregaard Simonsen, Jesper Sjolte, Anne Munck Solgaard, T. Sowers, Peter Sperlich, Hans Christian Steen-Larsen, K. Steffen, Jørgen Peder Steffensen, D. Steinhage, T.F. Stocker, Christopher Stowasser, A.S. Sturevik, W.T. Sturges, A. Sveinbjörnsdottir, Anders Svensson, J.-L. Tison, J. Uetake, Paul Travis Vallelonga, R.S.W. Van De Wal, G. Van Der Wel, B.H. Vaughn, Bo Møllesøe Vinther, E. Waddington, A. Wegner, I. Weikusat, J. W. C. White, F. Wilhelms, Mai Winstrup, E. Witrant, E.W. Wolff, C. Xiao, Jin Zheng

Physics of Ice, Climate and Earth

403 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Efforts to extract a Greenland ice core with a complete record of the Eemian interglacial (130,000 to 115,000 years ago) have until now been unsuccessful. The response of the Greenland ice sheet to the warmer-than-present climate of the Eemian has thus remained unclear. Here we present the new North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling ('NEEM') ice core and show only a modest ice-sheet response to the strong warming in the early Eemian. We reconstructed the Eemian record from folded ice using globally homogeneous parameters known from dated Greenland and Antarctic ice-core records. On the basis of water stable isotopes, NEEM surface temperatures after the onset of the Eemian (126,000 years ago) peaked at 8 ± 4 degrees Celsius above the mean of the past millennium, followed by a gradual cooling that was probably driven by the decreasing summer insolation. Between 128,000 and 122,000 years ago, the thickness of the northwest Greenland ice sheet decreased by 400 ± 250 metres, reaching surface elevations 122,000 years ago of 130 ± 300 metres lower than the present. Extensive surface melt occurred at the NEEM site during the Eemian, a phenomenon witnessed when melt layers formed again at NEEM during the exceptional heat of July 2012. With additional warming, surface melt might become more common in the future.

Original language	English
Journal	Nature
Volume	493
Issue number	7433
Pages (from-to)	489-494
Number of pages	6
ISSN	0028-0836
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11789
Publication status	Published - 24 Jan 2013

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Dahl-Jensen, D., Albert, M. R., Aldahan, A., Azuma, N., Balslev-Clausen, D. M., Baumgartner, M., Berggren, A.-M., Bigler, M., Binder, T., Blunier, T., Bourgeois, J. C., Brook, E. J., Buchardt, S. L., Buizert, C., Capron, E., Chappellaz, J., Chung, J., Clausen, H. B., Cvijanovic, I., ... Zheng, J. (2013). Eemian interglacial reconstructed from a Greenland folded ice core. Nature, 493(7433), 489-494. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11789

Dahl-Jensen, D, Albert, MR, Aldahan, A, Azuma, N, Balslev-Clausen, DM, Baumgartner, M, Berggren, A-M, Bigler, M, Binder, T, Blunier, T, Bourgeois, JC, Brook, EJ, Buchardt, SL, Buizert, C, Capron, E, Chappellaz, J, Chung, J, Clausen, HB, Cvijanovic, I, Davies, SM, Ditlevsen, P, Eicher, O, Fischer, H, Fisher, DA, Fleet, LG, Gfeller, G, Gkinis, V, Gogineni, S, Goto-Azuma, K, Grinsted, A, Gudlaugsdottir, H, Guillevic, M, Hansen, SB, Hansson, M, Hirabayashi, M, Hong, S, Hur, SD, Huybrechts, P, Hvidberg, CS, Iizuka, Y, Jenk, TM, Johnsen, SJ, Jones, TR, Jouzel, J, Karlsson, NB, Kawamura, K, Keegan, K, Kettner, E, Kipfstuhl, S, Kjær, HA, Koutnik, M, Kuramoto, T, Köhler, P, Laepple, T, Landais, A, Langen, PL, Larsen, LB, Leuenberger, D, Leuenberger, M, Leuschen, C, Li, J, Lipenkov, V, Martinerie, P, Maselli, OJ, Masson-Delmotte, V, McConnell, JR, Miller, H, Mini, O, Miyamoto, A, Montagnat-Rentier, M, Mulvaney, R, Muscheler, R, Orsi, AJ, Paden, J, Panton, C, Pattyn, F, Petit, J-R, Pol, K, Popp, TJ, Possnert, G, Prié, F, Prokopiou, M, Quiquet, A, Rasmussen, SO, Raynaud, D, Ren, J, Reutenauer, C, Ritz, C, Röckmann, T, Rosen, JL, Rubino, M, Rybak, O, Samyn, D, Sapart, CJ, Schilt, A, Schmidt, AMZ, Schwander, J, Schüpbach, S, Seierstad, IK, Severinghaus, JP, Sheldon, S, Simonsen, SB, Sjolte, J, Solgaard, AM, Sowers, T, Sperlich, P, Steen-Larsen, HC, Steffen, K, Steffensen, JP, Steinhage, D, Stocker, TF, Stowasser, C, Sturevik, AS, Sturges, WT, Sveinbjörnsdottir, A, Svensson, A, Tison, J-L, Uetake, J, Vallelonga, PT, Van De Wal, RSW, Van Der Wel, G, Vaughn, BH, Vinther, BM, Waddington, E, Wegner, A, Weikusat, I, White, JWC, Wilhelms, F, Winstrup, M, Witrant, E, Wolff, EW, Xiao, C & Zheng, J 2013, 'Eemian interglacial reconstructed from a Greenland folded ice core', Nature, vol. 493, no. 7433, pp. 489-494. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11789

@article{1a6953a309264483b4af770d891e12c3,

title = "Eemian interglacial reconstructed from a Greenland folded ice core",

abstract = "Efforts to extract a Greenland ice core with a complete record of the Eemian interglacial (130,000 to 115,000 years ago) have until now been unsuccessful. The response of the Greenland ice sheet to the warmer-than-present climate of the Eemian has thus remained unclear. Here we present the new North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling ('NEEM') ice core and show only a modest ice-sheet response to the strong warming in the early Eemian. We reconstructed the Eemian record from folded ice using globally homogeneous parameters known from dated Greenland and Antarctic ice-core records. On the basis of water stable isotopes, NEEM surface temperatures after the onset of the Eemian (126,000 years ago) peaked at 8 ± 4 degrees Celsius above the mean of the past millennium, followed by a gradual cooling that was probably driven by the decreasing summer insolation. Between 128,000 and 122,000 years ago, the thickness of the northwest Greenland ice sheet decreased by 400 ± 250 metres, reaching surface elevations 122,000 years ago of 130 ± 300 metres lower than the present. Extensive surface melt occurred at the NEEM site during the Eemian, a phenomenon witnessed when melt layers formed again at NEEM during the exceptional heat of July 2012. With additional warming, surface melt might become more common in the future.",

author = "Dorthe Dahl-Jensen and Albert, {M. R.} and A. Aldahan and N. Azuma and Balslev-Clausen, {David Morten} and M. Baumgartner and A.-M. Berggren and M. Bigler and Thomas Binder and Thomas Blunier and J.C. Bourgeois and E.J. Brook and Buchardt, {Susanne Lilja} and Christo Buizert and E. Capron and J. Chappellaz and J. Chung and Clausen, {Henrik Brink} and Ivana Cvijanovic and S.M. Davies and Peter Ditlevsen and O. Eicher and H. Fischer and Fisher, {D. A.} and L.G. Fleet and G. Gfeller and Vasileios Gkinis and S. Gogineni and K. Goto-Azuma and Aslak Grinsted and H. Gudlaugsdottir and Myriam Guillevic and Hansen, {S. B.} and M. Hansson and M. Hirabayashi and S. Hong and S.D. Hur and P. Huybrechts and Hvidberg, {Christine Sch{\o}tt} and Y. Iizuka and Jenk, {Theo Manuel} and Johnsen, {Sigfus Johann} and T.R. Jones and J. Jouzel and Karlsson, {Nanna Bj{\o}rnholt} and K. Kawamura and K. Keegan and Ernesto Kettner and S. Kipfstuhl and Kj{\ae}r, {Helle Astrid} and M. Koutnik and T. Kuramoto and P. K{\"o}hler and T. Laepple and A. Landais and Langen, {Peter Lang} and Larsen, {Lars Berg} and D. Leuenberger and M. Leuenberger and C. Leuschen and J. Li and V. Lipenkov and P. Martinerie and Maselli, {O. J.} and V. Masson-Delmotte and McConnell, {J. R.} and H. Miller and O. Mini and A. Miyamoto and M. Montagnat-Rentier and R. Mulvaney and R. Muscheler and A.J. Orsi and J. Paden and Christian Panton and F. Pattyn and J.-R. Petit and K. Pol and Popp, {Trevor James} and G. Possnert and F. Pri{\'e} and M. Prokopiou and A. Quiquet and Rasmussen, {Sune Olander} and D. Raynaud and J. Ren and Corentin Reutenauer and C. Ritz and T. R{\"o}ckmann and J.L. Rosen and Mauro Rubino and O. Rybak and D. Samyn and C.J. Sapart and A. Schilt and Schmidt, {Astrid Mariah Zelma} and J. Schwander and S. Sch{\"u}pbach and Seierstad, {Inger Kathrine} and Severinghaus, {J. P.} and S. Sheldon and Simonsen, {Sebastian Bjerregaard} and Jesper Sjolte and Solgaard, {Anne Munck} and T. Sowers and Peter Sperlich and Steen-Larsen, {Hans Christian} and K. Steffen and Steffensen, {J{\o}rgen Peder} and D. Steinhage and T.F. Stocker and Christopher Stowasser and A.S. Sturevik and W.T. Sturges and A. Sveinbj{\"o}rnsdottir and Anders Svensson and J.-L. Tison and J. Uetake and Vallelonga, {Paul Travis} and {Van De Wal}, R.S.W. and {Van Der Wel}, G. and B.H. Vaughn and Vinther, {Bo M{\o}lles{\o}e} and E. Waddington and A. Wegner and I. Weikusat and White, {J. W. C.} and F. Wilhelms and Mai Winstrup and E. Witrant and E.W. Wolff and C. Xiao and Jin Zheng",

year = "2013",

month = jan,

day = "24",

doi = "10.1038/nature11789",

language = "English",

volume = "493",

pages = "489--494",

journal = "Nature",

issn = "0028-0836",

publisher = "nature publishing group",

number = "7433",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Eemian interglacial reconstructed from a Greenland folded ice core

AU - Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe

AU - Albert, M. R.

AU - Aldahan, A.

AU - Azuma, N.

AU - Balslev-Clausen, David Morten

AU - Baumgartner, M.

AU - Berggren, A.-M.

AU - Bigler, M.

AU - Binder, Thomas

AU - Blunier, Thomas

AU - Bourgeois, J.C.

AU - Brook, E.J.

AU - Buchardt, Susanne Lilja

AU - Buizert, Christo

AU - Capron, E.

AU - Chappellaz, J.

AU - Chung, J.

AU - Clausen, Henrik Brink

AU - Cvijanovic, Ivana

AU - Davies, S.M.

AU - Ditlevsen, Peter

AU - Eicher, O.

AU - Fischer, H.

AU - Fisher, D. A.

AU - Fleet, L.G.

AU - Gfeller, G.

AU - Gkinis, Vasileios

AU - Gogineni, S.

AU - Goto-Azuma, K.

AU - Grinsted, Aslak

AU - Gudlaugsdottir, H.

AU - Guillevic, Myriam

AU - Hansen, S. B.

AU - Hansson, M.

AU - Hirabayashi, M.

AU - Hong, S.

AU - Hur, S.D.

AU - Huybrechts, P.

AU - Hvidberg, Christine Schøtt

AU - Iizuka, Y.

AU - Jenk, Theo Manuel

AU - Johnsen, Sigfus Johann

AU - Jones, T.R.

AU - Jouzel, J.

AU - Karlsson, Nanna Bjørnholt

AU - Kawamura, K.

AU - Keegan, K.

AU - Kettner, Ernesto

AU - Kipfstuhl, S.

AU - Kjær, Helle Astrid

AU - Koutnik, M.

AU - Kuramoto, T.

AU - Köhler, P.

AU - Laepple, T.

AU - Landais, A.

AU - Langen, Peter Lang

AU - Larsen, Lars Berg

AU - Leuenberger, D.

AU - Leuenberger, M.

AU - Leuschen, C.

AU - Li, J.

AU - Lipenkov, V.

AU - Martinerie, P.

AU - Maselli, O. J.

AU - Masson-Delmotte, V.

AU - McConnell, J. R.

AU - Miller, H.

AU - Mini, O.

AU - Miyamoto, A.

AU - Montagnat-Rentier, M.

AU - Mulvaney, R.

AU - Muscheler, R.

AU - Orsi, A.J.

AU - Paden, J.

AU - Panton, Christian

AU - Pattyn, F.

AU - Petit, J.-R.

AU - Pol, K.

AU - Popp, Trevor James

AU - Possnert, G.

AU - Prié, F.

AU - Prokopiou, M.

AU - Quiquet, A.

AU - Rasmussen, Sune Olander

AU - Raynaud, D.

AU - Ren, J.

AU - Reutenauer, Corentin

AU - Ritz, C.

AU - Röckmann, T.

AU - Rosen, J.L.

AU - Rubino, Mauro

AU - Rybak, O.

AU - Samyn, D.

AU - Sapart, C.J.

AU - Schilt, A.

AU - Schmidt, Astrid Mariah Zelma

AU - Schwander, J.

AU - Schüpbach, S.

AU - Seierstad, Inger Kathrine

AU - Severinghaus, J. P.

AU - Sheldon, S.

AU - Simonsen, Sebastian Bjerregaard

AU - Sjolte, Jesper

AU - Solgaard, Anne Munck

AU - Sowers, T.

AU - Sperlich, Peter

AU - Steen-Larsen, Hans Christian

AU - Steffen, K.

AU - Steffensen, Jørgen Peder

AU - Steinhage, D.

AU - Stocker, T.F.

AU - Stowasser, Christopher

AU - Sturevik, A.S.

AU - Sturges, W.T.

AU - Sveinbjörnsdottir, A.

AU - Svensson, Anders

AU - Tison, J.-L.

AU - Uetake, J.

AU - Vallelonga, Paul Travis

AU - Van De Wal, R.S.W.

AU - Van Der Wel, G.

AU - Vaughn, B.H.

AU - Vinther, Bo Møllesøe

AU - Waddington, E.

AU - Wegner, A.

AU - Weikusat, I.

AU - White, J. W. C.

AU - Wilhelms, F.

AU - Winstrup, Mai

AU - Witrant, E.

AU - Wolff, E.W.

AU - Xiao, C.

AU - Zheng, Jin

PY - 2013/1/24

Y1 - 2013/1/24

N2 - Efforts to extract a Greenland ice core with a complete record of the Eemian interglacial (130,000 to 115,000 years ago) have until now been unsuccessful. The response of the Greenland ice sheet to the warmer-than-present climate of the Eemian has thus remained unclear. Here we present the new North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling ('NEEM') ice core and show only a modest ice-sheet response to the strong warming in the early Eemian. We reconstructed the Eemian record from folded ice using globally homogeneous parameters known from dated Greenland and Antarctic ice-core records. On the basis of water stable isotopes, NEEM surface temperatures after the onset of the Eemian (126,000 years ago) peaked at 8 ± 4 degrees Celsius above the mean of the past millennium, followed by a gradual cooling that was probably driven by the decreasing summer insolation. Between 128,000 and 122,000 years ago, the thickness of the northwest Greenland ice sheet decreased by 400 ± 250 metres, reaching surface elevations 122,000 years ago of 130 ± 300 metres lower than the present. Extensive surface melt occurred at the NEEM site during the Eemian, a phenomenon witnessed when melt layers formed again at NEEM during the exceptional heat of July 2012. With additional warming, surface melt might become more common in the future.

AB - Efforts to extract a Greenland ice core with a complete record of the Eemian interglacial (130,000 to 115,000 years ago) have until now been unsuccessful. The response of the Greenland ice sheet to the warmer-than-present climate of the Eemian has thus remained unclear. Here we present the new North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling ('NEEM') ice core and show only a modest ice-sheet response to the strong warming in the early Eemian. We reconstructed the Eemian record from folded ice using globally homogeneous parameters known from dated Greenland and Antarctic ice-core records. On the basis of water stable isotopes, NEEM surface temperatures after the onset of the Eemian (126,000 years ago) peaked at 8 ± 4 degrees Celsius above the mean of the past millennium, followed by a gradual cooling that was probably driven by the decreasing summer insolation. Between 128,000 and 122,000 years ago, the thickness of the northwest Greenland ice sheet decreased by 400 ± 250 metres, reaching surface elevations 122,000 years ago of 130 ± 300 metres lower than the present. Extensive surface melt occurred at the NEEM site during the Eemian, a phenomenon witnessed when melt layers formed again at NEEM during the exceptional heat of July 2012. With additional warming, surface melt might become more common in the future.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84872976669&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1038/nature11789

DO - 10.1038/nature11789

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 23344358

AN - SCOPUS:84872976669

SN - 0028-0836

VL - 493

SP - 489

EP - 494

JO - Nature

JF - Nature

IS - 7433

ER -

Eemian interglacial reconstructed from a Greenland folded ice core

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