Dietary patterns, food and macronutrient intakes among adults in three ethnic groups in rural Kenya

Andreas Wolff Hansen; Dirk Lund Christensen; Melanie Wange Larsson; Jeannette Eis; Tue Christensen; Henrik Friis; David L. Mwaniki; Beatrice Kilonzo; Michael K. Boit; Knut Borch-Johnsen; Inge Tetens

doi:10.1017/S1368980010003782

Dietary patterns, food and macronutrient intakes among adults in three ethnic groups in rural Kenya

Andreas Wolff Hansen, Dirk Lund Christensen, Melanie Wange Larsson, Jeannette Eis, Tue Christensen, Henrik Friis, David L. Mwaniki, Beatrice Kilonzo, Michael K. Boit, Knut Borch-Johnsen, Inge Tetens

Department of Immunology and Microbiology

24 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Objective: To compare dietary patterns and food and macronutrient intakes among adults in three ethnic groups in rural Kenya. Design: In the present cross-sectional study, dietary intake was estimated in adult volunteers using two non-consecutive interactive 24 h recalls. Dietary patterns were assessed from the number of meals and snacks per day and from the food items and major food groups registered, and their contribution to energy intake (EI) was calculated. Anthropometric values were measured and sociodemographic data obtained using a questionnaire. Setting: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Bondo, Kitui and Transmara districts of rural Kenya. A high prevalence of food insecurity in Kenya underlines the importance of describing the dietary patterns and intakes in different Kenyan ethnic groups. Subjects: A total of 1163 (61 % women) adult Luo, Kamba and Maasai, with a mean age of 38·6 (range: 18-68) years, volunteered to participate. Results: Dietary patterns and food groups contributing to EI differed significantly among the ethnic groups. Mean EI ranged from 5·8 to 8·6 MJ/d among women and from 7·2 to 10·5 MJ/d among men, with carbohydrates contributing between 55·7 % and 74·2 % and fat contributing between 14·5 % and 30·2 % of total EI. Mean protein intake ranged from 0·72 to 1·3 g/kg per d, and EI:BMR ratio ranged between 1·1 and 1·6 in both sexes, and was highest among the Luo. Prevalence of underweight (BMI < 18·5 kg/m²) was 13·7 %, 20·5 % and 24·2 % in the Luo, Kamba and Maasai, respectively. Conclusions: The degree of food insecurity measured as a degree of undernutrition and as dietary patterns differed considerably among the ethnic groups. The Maasai and Kamba in particular were exposed to food insecurity.

Original language	English
Journal	Public Health Nutrition
Volume	14
Issue number	9
Pages (from-to)	1671-1679
Number of pages	9
ISSN	1368-9800
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980010003782
Publication status	Published - Sept 2011

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@article{78ff0e9309b144758fad408244f53726,

title = "Dietary patterns, food and macronutrient intakes among adults in three ethnic groups in rural Kenya",

abstract = "Objective: To compare dietary patterns and food and macronutrient intakes among adults in three ethnic groups in rural Kenya. Design: In the present cross-sectional study, dietary intake was estimated in adult volunteers using two non-consecutive interactive 24 h recalls. Dietary patterns were assessed from the number of meals and snacks per day and from the food items and major food groups registered, and their contribution to energy intake (EI) was calculated. Anthropometric values were measured and sociodemographic data obtained using a questionnaire. Setting: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Bondo, Kitui and Transmara districts of rural Kenya. A high prevalence of food insecurity in Kenya underlines the importance of describing the dietary patterns and intakes in different Kenyan ethnic groups. Subjects: A total of 1163 (61 % women) adult Luo, Kamba and Maasai, with a mean age of 38·6 (range: 18-68) years, volunteered to participate. Results: Dietary patterns and food groups contributing to EI differed significantly among the ethnic groups. Mean EI ranged from 5·8 to 8·6 MJ/d among women and from 7·2 to 10·5 MJ/d among men, with carbohydrates contributing between 55·7 % and 74·2 % and fat contributing between 14·5 % and 30·2 % of total EI. Mean protein intake ranged from 0·72 to 1·3 g/kg per d, and EI:BMR ratio ranged between 1·1 and 1·6 in both sexes, and was highest among the Luo. Prevalence of underweight (BMI < 18·5 kg/m2) was 13·7 %, 20·5 % and 24·2 % in the Luo, Kamba and Maasai, respectively. Conclusions: The degree of food insecurity measured as a degree of undernutrition and as dietary patterns differed considerably among the ethnic groups. The Maasai and Kamba in particular were exposed to food insecurity.",

author = "Hansen, {Andreas Wolff} and Christensen, {Dirk Lund} and Larsson, {Melanie Wange} and Jeannette Eis and Tue Christensen and Henrik Friis and Mwaniki, {David L.} and Beatrice Kilonzo and Boit, {Michael K.} and Knut Borch-Johnsen and Inge Tetens",

year = "2011",

month = sep,

doi = "10.1017/S1368980010003782",

language = "English",

volume = "14",

pages = "1671--1679",

journal = "Public Health Nutrition",

issn = "1368-9800",

publisher = "Cambridge University Press",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Dietary patterns, food and macronutrient intakes among adults in three ethnic groups in rural Kenya

AU - Hansen, Andreas Wolff

AU - Christensen, Dirk Lund

AU - Larsson, Melanie Wange

AU - Eis, Jeannette

AU - Christensen, Tue

AU - Friis, Henrik

AU - Mwaniki, David L.

AU - Kilonzo, Beatrice

AU - Boit, Michael K.

AU - Borch-Johnsen, Knut

AU - Tetens, Inge

PY - 2011/9

Y1 - 2011/9

N2 - Objective: To compare dietary patterns and food and macronutrient intakes among adults in three ethnic groups in rural Kenya. Design: In the present cross-sectional study, dietary intake was estimated in adult volunteers using two non-consecutive interactive 24 h recalls. Dietary patterns were assessed from the number of meals and snacks per day and from the food items and major food groups registered, and their contribution to energy intake (EI) was calculated. Anthropometric values were measured and sociodemographic data obtained using a questionnaire. Setting: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Bondo, Kitui and Transmara districts of rural Kenya. A high prevalence of food insecurity in Kenya underlines the importance of describing the dietary patterns and intakes in different Kenyan ethnic groups. Subjects: A total of 1163 (61 % women) adult Luo, Kamba and Maasai, with a mean age of 38·6 (range: 18-68) years, volunteered to participate. Results: Dietary patterns and food groups contributing to EI differed significantly among the ethnic groups. Mean EI ranged from 5·8 to 8·6 MJ/d among women and from 7·2 to 10·5 MJ/d among men, with carbohydrates contributing between 55·7 % and 74·2 % and fat contributing between 14·5 % and 30·2 % of total EI. Mean protein intake ranged from 0·72 to 1·3 g/kg per d, and EI:BMR ratio ranged between 1·1 and 1·6 in both sexes, and was highest among the Luo. Prevalence of underweight (BMI < 18·5 kg/m2) was 13·7 %, 20·5 % and 24·2 % in the Luo, Kamba and Maasai, respectively. Conclusions: The degree of food insecurity measured as a degree of undernutrition and as dietary patterns differed considerably among the ethnic groups. The Maasai and Kamba in particular were exposed to food insecurity.

AB - Objective: To compare dietary patterns and food and macronutrient intakes among adults in three ethnic groups in rural Kenya. Design: In the present cross-sectional study, dietary intake was estimated in adult volunteers using two non-consecutive interactive 24 h recalls. Dietary patterns were assessed from the number of meals and snacks per day and from the food items and major food groups registered, and their contribution to energy intake (EI) was calculated. Anthropometric values were measured and sociodemographic data obtained using a questionnaire. Setting: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Bondo, Kitui and Transmara districts of rural Kenya. A high prevalence of food insecurity in Kenya underlines the importance of describing the dietary patterns and intakes in different Kenyan ethnic groups. Subjects: A total of 1163 (61 % women) adult Luo, Kamba and Maasai, with a mean age of 38·6 (range: 18-68) years, volunteered to participate. Results: Dietary patterns and food groups contributing to EI differed significantly among the ethnic groups. Mean EI ranged from 5·8 to 8·6 MJ/d among women and from 7·2 to 10·5 MJ/d among men, with carbohydrates contributing between 55·7 % and 74·2 % and fat contributing between 14·5 % and 30·2 % of total EI. Mean protein intake ranged from 0·72 to 1·3 g/kg per d, and EI:BMR ratio ranged between 1·1 and 1·6 in both sexes, and was highest among the Luo. Prevalence of underweight (BMI < 18·5 kg/m2) was 13·7 %, 20·5 % and 24·2 % in the Luo, Kamba and Maasai, respectively. Conclusions: The degree of food insecurity measured as a degree of undernutrition and as dietary patterns differed considerably among the ethnic groups. The Maasai and Kamba in particular were exposed to food insecurity.

U2 - 10.1017/S1368980010003782

DO - 10.1017/S1368980010003782

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 21299918

SN - 1368-9800

VL - 14

SP - 1671

EP - 1679

JO - Public Health Nutrition

JF - Public Health Nutrition

IS - 9

ER -

Dietary patterns, food and macronutrient intakes among adults in three ethnic groups in rural Kenya

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