Diet-induced changes in iron and n-3 fatty acid status and associations with cognitive performance in 8-11-year-old Danish children: secondary analyses of the Optimal Well-Being, Development and Health for Danish Children through a Healthy New Nordic Diet School Meal Study

Louise Bergmann Sørensen; Camilla Trab Damsgaard; Stine-Mathilde Dalskov; Rikke Agnete Petersen; Niels Egelund; Camilla Brørup Dyssegaard; Ken D Stark; Rikke Andersen; Inge Tetens; Arne Astrup; Kim F. Michaelsen; Lotte Lauritzen

doi:10.1017/s0007114515003323

Diet-induced changes in iron and n-3 fatty acid status and associations with cognitive performance in 8-11-year-old Danish children: secondary analyses of the Optimal Well-Being, Development and Health for Danish Children through a Healthy New Nordic Diet School Meal Study

Louise Bergmann Sørensen, Camilla Trab Damsgaard, Stine-Mathilde Dalskov, Rikke Agnete Petersen, Niels Egelund, Camilla Brørup Dyssegaard, Ken D Stark, Rikke Andersen, Inge Tetens, Arne Astrup, Kim F. Michaelsen, Lotte Lauritzen

29 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Fe and n-3 long-chain PUFA (n-3 LCPUFA) have both been associated with cognition, but evidence remains inconclusive in well-nourished school-aged children. In the Optimal Well-Being, Development and Health for Danish Children through a Healthy New Nordic Diet (OPUS) School Meal Study, the 3-month intervention increased reading performance, inattention, impulsivity and dietary intake of fish and Fe. This study investigated whether the intervention influenced n-3 LCPUFA and Fe status and, if so, explored how these changes correlated with the changes in cognitive performance. The study was a cluster-randomised cross-over trial comparing school meals with packed lunch (control). At baseline and after each treatment, we measured serum ferritin, whole-blood n-3 LCPUFA and Hb, and performance in reading, mathematics and d2-test of attention. Data were analysed using mixed models (n 726) and principal component analysis of test performances (n 644), which showed two main patterns: 'school performance' and 'reading comprehension'. The latter indicated that children with good reading comprehension were also more inattentive and impulsive (i.e. higher d2-test error%). The intervention improved 'school performance' (P=0·015), 'reading comprehension' (P=0·043) and EPA+DHA status 0·21 (95 % CI 0·15, 0·27) w/w % (P<0·001), but it did not affect serum ferritin or Hb. At baseline, having small Fe stores was associated with poorer 'school performance' in girls, but with better 'reading comprehension' in both boys and girls. Both baseline EPA+DHA status and the intervention-induced increase in EPA+DHA status was positively associated with 'school performance', suggesting that n-3 LCPUFA could potentially explain approximately 20 % of the intervention effect. These exploratory associations indicate that increased fish intake might explain some of the increase in reading performance and inattention in the study.

Original language	English
Journal	British Journal of Nutrition
Volume	114
Issue number	10
Pages (from-to)	1623-1637
Number of pages	15
ISSN	0007-1145
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007114515003323
Publication status	Published - 5 Oct 2015

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Sørensen, L. B., Damsgaard, C. T., Dalskov, S-M., Petersen, R. A., Egelund, N., Dyssegaard, C. B., Stark, K. D., Andersen, R., Tetens, I., Astrup, A., Michaelsen, K. F., & Lauritzen, L. (2015). Diet-induced changes in iron and n-3 fatty acid status and associations with cognitive performance in 8-11-year-old Danish children: secondary analyses of the Optimal Well-Being, Development and Health for Danish Children through a Healthy New Nordic Diet School Meal Study. British Journal of Nutrition, 114(10), 1623-1637. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007114515003323

Diet-induced changes in iron and n-3 fatty acid status and associations with cognitive performance in 8-11-year-old Danish children : secondary analyses of the Optimal Well-Being, Development and Health for Danish Children through a Healthy New Nordic Diet School Meal Study. / Sørensen, Louise Bergmann; Damsgaard, Camilla Trab; Dalskov, Stine-Mathilde et al.

In: British Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 114, No. 10, 05.10.2015, p. 1623-1637.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

Sørensen, LB, Damsgaard, CT, Dalskov, S-M, Petersen, RA, Egelund, N, Dyssegaard, CB, Stark, KD, Andersen, R, Tetens, I, Astrup, A, Michaelsen, KF & Lauritzen, L 2015, 'Diet-induced changes in iron and n-3 fatty acid status and associations with cognitive performance in 8-11-year-old Danish children: secondary analyses of the Optimal Well-Being, Development and Health for Danish Children through a Healthy New Nordic Diet School Meal Study', British Journal of Nutrition, vol. 114, no. 10, pp. 1623-1637. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007114515003323

Sørensen LB, Damsgaard CT, Dalskov S-M, Petersen RA, Egelund N, Dyssegaard CB et al. Diet-induced changes in iron and n-3 fatty acid status and associations with cognitive performance in 8-11-year-old Danish children: secondary analyses of the Optimal Well-Being, Development and Health for Danish Children through a Healthy New Nordic Diet School Meal Study. British Journal of Nutrition. 2015 Oct 5;114(10):1623-1637. doi: 10.1017/s0007114515003323

Sørensen, Louise Bergmann ; Damsgaard, Camilla Trab ; Dalskov, Stine-Mathilde et al. / Diet-induced changes in iron and n-3 fatty acid status and associations with cognitive performance in 8-11-year-old Danish children : secondary analyses of the Optimal Well-Being, Development and Health for Danish Children through a Healthy New Nordic Diet School Meal Study. In: British Journal of Nutrition. 2015 ; Vol. 114, No. 10. pp. 1623-1637.

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abstract = "Fe and n-3 long-chain PUFA (n-3 LCPUFA) have both been associated with cognition, but evidence remains inconclusive in well-nourished school-aged children. In the Optimal Well-Being, Development and Health for Danish Children through a Healthy New Nordic Diet (OPUS) School Meal Study, the 3-month intervention increased reading performance, inattention, impulsivity and dietary intake of fish and Fe. This study investigated whether the intervention influenced n-3 LCPUFA and Fe status and, if so, explored how these changes correlated with the changes in cognitive performance. The study was a cluster-randomised cross-over trial comparing school meals with packed lunch (control). At baseline and after each treatment, we measured serum ferritin, whole-blood n-3 LCPUFA and Hb, and performance in reading, mathematics and d2-test of attention. Data were analysed using mixed models (n 726) and principal component analysis of test performances (n 644), which showed two main patterns: 'school performance' and 'reading comprehension'. The latter indicated that children with good reading comprehension were also more inattentive and impulsive (i.e. higher d2-test error%). The intervention improved 'school performance' (P=0·015), 'reading comprehension' (P=0·043) and EPA+DHA status 0·21 (95 % CI 0·15, 0·27) w/w % (P<0·001), but it did not affect serum ferritin or Hb. At baseline, having small Fe stores was associated with poorer 'school performance' in girls, but with better 'reading comprehension' in both boys and girls. Both baseline EPA+DHA status and the intervention-induced increase in EPA+DHA status was positively associated with 'school performance', suggesting that n-3 LCPUFA could potentially explain approximately 20 % of the intervention effect. These exploratory associations indicate that increased fish intake might explain some of the increase in reading performance and inattention in the study.",

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AU - Damsgaard, Camilla Trab

AU - Dalskov, Stine-Mathilde

AU - Petersen, Rikke Agnete

AU - Egelund, Niels

AU - Dyssegaard, Camilla Brørup

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