Determination of protein and amino acid requirements of lactating sows using a population-based factorial approach

Anja Varmløse Strathe; Anders Bjerring Strathe; P. K. Theil; Christian Fink Hansen; E. Kebreab

doi:10.1017/s1751731115000488

Determination of protein and amino acid requirements of lactating sows using a population-based factorial approach

Anja Varmløse Strathe, Anders Bjerring Strathe, P. K. Theil, Christian Fink Hansen, E. Kebreab

9 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Determination of appropriate nutritional requirements is essential to optimize the productivity and longevity of lactating sows. The current recommendations for requirements do not consider the large variation between animals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the amino acid recommendations for lactating sows using a stochastic modeling approach that integrates population variation and uncertainty of key parameters into establishing nutritional recommendations for lactating sows. The requirement for individual sows was calculated using a factorial approach by adding the requirement for maintenance and milk. The energy balance of the sows was either negative or zero depending on feed intake being a limiting factor. Some parameters in the model were sow-specific and others were population-specific, depending on state of knowledge. Each simulation was for 1000 sows repeated 100 times using Monte Carlo simulation techniques. BW, back fat thickness of the sow, litter size (LS), average litter gain (LG), dietary energy density and feed intake were inputs to the model. The model was tested using results from the literature, and the values were all within ±1 s.d. of the estimated requirements. Simulations were made for a group of low- (LS = 10 (s.d. = 1), LG = 2 kg/day (s.d. = 0.6)), medium- (LS = 12 (s.d. = 1), LG = 2.5 kg/day (s.d. = 0.6)) and high-producing (LS = 14 (s.d. = 1), LG = 3.5 kg/day (s.d. = 0.6)) sows, where the average requirement was the result. In another simulation, the requirements were estimated for each week of lactation. The results were given as the median and s.d. The average daily standardized ileal digestible (SID) protein and lysine requirements for low-, medium- and high-producing sows were 623 (CV = 2.5%) and 45.1 (CV = 4.8%); 765 (CV = 4.9%) and 54.7 (CV = 7.0%); and 996 (CV = 8.5%) and 70.8 g/day (CV = 9.6%), respectively. The SID protein and lysine requirements were lowest at week 1, intermediate at week 2 and 4 and the highest at week 3 of lactation. The model is a valuable tool to develop new feeding strategies by taking into account the variable requirement between groups of sows and changes during lactation. The inclusion of between-sow variation gives information on safety margins when developing new dietary recommendations of amino acids and protein for lactating sows.

Original language	English
Journal	Animal
Volume	9
Issue number	8
Pages (from-to)	1319-1328
Number of pages	10
ISSN	1751-7311
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1017/s1751731115000488
Publication status	Published - 17 Feb 2015

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@article{b9d743c1b42e45f08fb38bb3f73801a0,

title = "Determination of protein and amino acid requirements of lactating sows using a population-based factorial approach",

abstract = "Determination of appropriate nutritional requirements is essential to optimize the productivity and longevity of lactating sows. The current recommendations for requirements do not consider the large variation between animals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the amino acid recommendations for lactating sows using a stochastic modeling approach that integrates population variation and uncertainty of key parameters into establishing nutritional recommendations for lactating sows. The requirement for individual sows was calculated using a factorial approach by adding the requirement for maintenance and milk. The energy balance of the sows was either negative or zero depending on feed intake being a limiting factor. Some parameters in the model were sow-specific and others were population-specific, depending on state of knowledge. Each simulation was for 1000 sows repeated 100 times using Monte Carlo simulation techniques. BW, back fat thickness of the sow, litter size (LS), average litter gain (LG), dietary energy density and feed intake were inputs to the model. The model was tested using results from the literature, and the values were all within ±1 s.d. of the estimated requirements. Simulations were made for a group of low- (LS = 10 (s.d. = 1), LG = 2 kg/day (s.d. = 0.6)), medium- (LS = 12 (s.d. = 1), LG = 2.5 kg/day (s.d. = 0.6)) and high-producing (LS = 14 (s.d. = 1), LG = 3.5 kg/day (s.d. = 0.6)) sows, where the average requirement was the result. In another simulation, the requirements were estimated for each week of lactation. The results were given as the median and s.d. The average daily standardized ileal digestible (SID) protein and lysine requirements for low-, medium- and high-producing sows were 623 (CV = 2.5%) and 45.1 (CV = 4.8%); 765 (CV = 4.9%) and 54.7 (CV = 7.0%); and 996 (CV = 8.5%) and 70.8 g/day (CV = 9.6%), respectively. The SID protein and lysine requirements were lowest at week 1, intermediate at week 2 and 4 and the highest at week 3 of lactation. The model is a valuable tool to develop new feeding strategies by taking into account the variable requirement between groups of sows and changes during lactation. The inclusion of between-sow variation gives information on safety margins when developing new dietary recommendations of amino acids and protein for lactating sows.",

author = "Strathe, {Anja Varml{\o}se} and Strathe, {Anders Bjerring} and Theil, {P. K.} and Hansen, {Christian Fink} and E. Kebreab",

year = "2015",

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doi = "10.1017/s1751731115000488",

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T1 - Determination of protein and amino acid requirements of lactating sows using a population-based factorial approach

AU - Strathe, Anja Varmløse

AU - Strathe, Anders Bjerring

AU - Theil, P. K.

AU - Hansen, Christian Fink

AU - Kebreab, E.

PY - 2015/2/17

Y1 - 2015/2/17

N2 - Determination of appropriate nutritional requirements is essential to optimize the productivity and longevity of lactating sows. The current recommendations for requirements do not consider the large variation between animals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the amino acid recommendations for lactating sows using a stochastic modeling approach that integrates population variation and uncertainty of key parameters into establishing nutritional recommendations for lactating sows. The requirement for individual sows was calculated using a factorial approach by adding the requirement for maintenance and milk. The energy balance of the sows was either negative or zero depending on feed intake being a limiting factor. Some parameters in the model were sow-specific and others were population-specific, depending on state of knowledge. Each simulation was for 1000 sows repeated 100 times using Monte Carlo simulation techniques. BW, back fat thickness of the sow, litter size (LS), average litter gain (LG), dietary energy density and feed intake were inputs to the model. The model was tested using results from the literature, and the values were all within ±1 s.d. of the estimated requirements. Simulations were made for a group of low- (LS = 10 (s.d. = 1), LG = 2 kg/day (s.d. = 0.6)), medium- (LS = 12 (s.d. = 1), LG = 2.5 kg/day (s.d. = 0.6)) and high-producing (LS = 14 (s.d. = 1), LG = 3.5 kg/day (s.d. = 0.6)) sows, where the average requirement was the result. In another simulation, the requirements were estimated for each week of lactation. The results were given as the median and s.d. The average daily standardized ileal digestible (SID) protein and lysine requirements for low-, medium- and high-producing sows were 623 (CV = 2.5%) and 45.1 (CV = 4.8%); 765 (CV = 4.9%) and 54.7 (CV = 7.0%); and 996 (CV = 8.5%) and 70.8 g/day (CV = 9.6%), respectively. The SID protein and lysine requirements were lowest at week 1, intermediate at week 2 and 4 and the highest at week 3 of lactation. The model is a valuable tool to develop new feeding strategies by taking into account the variable requirement between groups of sows and changes during lactation. The inclusion of between-sow variation gives information on safety margins when developing new dietary recommendations of amino acids and protein for lactating sows.

AB - Determination of appropriate nutritional requirements is essential to optimize the productivity and longevity of lactating sows. The current recommendations for requirements do not consider the large variation between animals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the amino acid recommendations for lactating sows using a stochastic modeling approach that integrates population variation and uncertainty of key parameters into establishing nutritional recommendations for lactating sows. The requirement for individual sows was calculated using a factorial approach by adding the requirement for maintenance and milk. The energy balance of the sows was either negative or zero depending on feed intake being a limiting factor. Some parameters in the model were sow-specific and others were population-specific, depending on state of knowledge. Each simulation was for 1000 sows repeated 100 times using Monte Carlo simulation techniques. BW, back fat thickness of the sow, litter size (LS), average litter gain (LG), dietary energy density and feed intake were inputs to the model. The model was tested using results from the literature, and the values were all within ±1 s.d. of the estimated requirements. Simulations were made for a group of low- (LS = 10 (s.d. = 1), LG = 2 kg/day (s.d. = 0.6)), medium- (LS = 12 (s.d. = 1), LG = 2.5 kg/day (s.d. = 0.6)) and high-producing (LS = 14 (s.d. = 1), LG = 3.5 kg/day (s.d. = 0.6)) sows, where the average requirement was the result. In another simulation, the requirements were estimated for each week of lactation. The results were given as the median and s.d. The average daily standardized ileal digestible (SID) protein and lysine requirements for low-, medium- and high-producing sows were 623 (CV = 2.5%) and 45.1 (CV = 4.8%); 765 (CV = 4.9%) and 54.7 (CV = 7.0%); and 996 (CV = 8.5%) and 70.8 g/day (CV = 9.6%), respectively. The SID protein and lysine requirements were lowest at week 1, intermediate at week 2 and 4 and the highest at week 3 of lactation. The model is a valuable tool to develop new feeding strategies by taking into account the variable requirement between groups of sows and changes during lactation. The inclusion of between-sow variation gives information on safety margins when developing new dietary recommendations of amino acids and protein for lactating sows.

U2 - 10.1017/s1751731115000488

DO - 10.1017/s1751731115000488

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 25902188

SN - 1751-7311

VL - 9

SP - 1319

EP - 1328

JO - Animal

JF - Animal

IS - 8

ER -

Determination of protein and amino acid requirements of lactating sows using a population-based factorial approach

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