Abstract
The dermal uptake and percutaneous penetration of ten organic flame retardants was measured using an ex vivo human skin model. The studied compounds were DBDPE, BTBPE, TBP-DBPE, EH-TBB, BEH-TEBP, α, β and γ-HBCDD as well as syn- and anti-DDC-CO. Little or none of the applied flame retardants was recovered in either type of the receptor fluids used (physiological and worst-case). However, significant fractions were recovered in the skin depot, particularly in the upper skin layers. The primary effect of the worst-case receptor fluid was deeper penetration into the skin. The recovered mass was used to calculate lower- and upper-bound permeability coefficients kp. Despite large structural variation between the studied compounds, a clear, significant decreasing trend of kp was observed with increasing log Kow. The results indicate that the dermis may provide a significant barrier for these highly lipophilic compounds. However, based on our results, dermal uptake should be considered in exposure assessments, though it may proceed in a time-lagged manner compared to less hydrophobic compounds.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal | Chemosphere |
| Volume | 162 |
| Pages (from-to) | 308-314 |
| Number of pages | 7 |
| ISSN | 0045-6535 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 1 Nov 2016 |
Keywords
- NBFR
- Brominated flame retardants
- HBCDD
- Skin deposition
- Dermal exposure
- Dechlorane plus