Dangerous relations in the arctic marine food web: interactions between toxin producing Pseudo-nitzschia diatoms and Calanus copepodites

Sara Harðardóttir; Marina Pančić; Anna Tammilehto; Bernd Krock; Eva Friis Møller; Torkel Gissel Nielsen; Nina Lundholm

doi:10.3390/md13063809

Dangerous relations in the arctic marine food web: interactions between toxin producing Pseudo-nitzschia diatoms and Calanus copepodites

Sara Harðardóttir, Marina Pančić, Anna Tammilehto, Bernd Krock, Eva Friis Møller, Torkel Gissel Nielsen, Nina Lundholm

46 Citations (Scopus)

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Abstract

Diatoms of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia produce domoic acid (DA), a toxin that is vectored in the marine food web, thus causing serious problems for marine organisms and humans. In spite of this, knowledge of interactions between grazing zooplankton and diatoms is restricted. In this study, we examined the interactions between Calanus copepodites and toxin producing Pseudo-nitzschia. The copepodites were fed with different concentrations of toxic P. seriata and a strain of P. obtusa that previously was tested to be non-toxic. The ingestion rates did not differ among the diets (P. seriata, P. obtusa, a mixture of both species), and they accumulated 6%-16% of ingested DA (up to 420 μg per dry weight copepodite). When P. seriata was exposed to the copepodites, either through physical contact with the grazers or separated by a membrane, the toxicity of P. seriata increased (up to 3300%) suggesting the response to be chemically mediated. The induced response was also triggered when copepodites grazed on another diatom, supporting the hypothesis that the cues originate from the copepodite. Neither pH nor nutrient concentrations explained the induced DA production. Unexpectedly, P. obtusa also produced DA when exposed to grazing copepodites, thus representing the second reported toxic polar diatom.

Original language	English
Journal	Marine Drugs
Volume	13
Issue number	6
Pages (from-to)	3809-3835
Number of pages	27
ISSN	1660-3397
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/md13063809
Publication status	Published - 1 Jun 2015

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Hardardottir et al 2015 Dangerous interactions copepodites Pseudo-nitzschia and DAFinal published version, 1 MBLicence: CC BY

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title = "Dangerous relations in the arctic marine food web: interactions between toxin producing Pseudo-nitzschia diatoms and Calanus copepodites",

abstract = "Diatoms of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia produce domoic acid (DA), a toxin that is vectored in the marine food web, thus causing serious problems for marine organisms and humans. In spite of this, knowledge of interactions between grazing zooplankton and diatoms is restricted. In this study, we examined the interactions between Calanus copepodites and toxin producing Pseudo-nitzschia. The copepodites were fed with different concentrations of toxic P. seriata and a strain of P. obtusa that previously was tested to be non-toxic. The ingestion rates did not differ among the diets (P. seriata, P. obtusa, a mixture of both species), and they accumulated 6%-16% of ingested DA (up to 420 μg per dry weight copepodite). When P. seriata was exposed to the copepodites, either through physical contact with the grazers or separated by a membrane, the toxicity of P. seriata increased (up to 3300%) suggesting the response to be chemically mediated. The induced response was also triggered when copepodites grazed on another diatom, supporting the hypothesis that the cues originate from the copepodite. Neither pH nor nutrient concentrations explained the induced DA production. Unexpectedly, P. obtusa also produced DA when exposed to grazing copepodites, thus representing the second reported toxic polar diatom.",

author = "Sara Har{\dh}ard{\'o}ttir and Marina Pan{\v c}i{\'c} and Anna Tammilehto and Bernd Krock and M{\o}ller, {Eva Friis} and Nielsen, {Torkel Gissel} and Nina Lundholm",

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T2 - interactions between toxin producing Pseudo-nitzschia diatoms and Calanus copepodites

AU - Harðardóttir, Sara

AU - Pančić, Marina

AU - Tammilehto, Anna

AU - Krock, Bernd

AU - Møller, Eva Friis

AU - Nielsen, Torkel Gissel

AU - Lundholm, Nina

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N2 - Diatoms of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia produce domoic acid (DA), a toxin that is vectored in the marine food web, thus causing serious problems for marine organisms and humans. In spite of this, knowledge of interactions between grazing zooplankton and diatoms is restricted. In this study, we examined the interactions between Calanus copepodites and toxin producing Pseudo-nitzschia. The copepodites were fed with different concentrations of toxic P. seriata and a strain of P. obtusa that previously was tested to be non-toxic. The ingestion rates did not differ among the diets (P. seriata, P. obtusa, a mixture of both species), and they accumulated 6%-16% of ingested DA (up to 420 μg per dry weight copepodite). When P. seriata was exposed to the copepodites, either through physical contact with the grazers or separated by a membrane, the toxicity of P. seriata increased (up to 3300%) suggesting the response to be chemically mediated. The induced response was also triggered when copepodites grazed on another diatom, supporting the hypothesis that the cues originate from the copepodite. Neither pH nor nutrient concentrations explained the induced DA production. Unexpectedly, P. obtusa also produced DA when exposed to grazing copepodites, thus representing the second reported toxic polar diatom.

AB - Diatoms of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia produce domoic acid (DA), a toxin that is vectored in the marine food web, thus causing serious problems for marine organisms and humans. In spite of this, knowledge of interactions between grazing zooplankton and diatoms is restricted. In this study, we examined the interactions between Calanus copepodites and toxin producing Pseudo-nitzschia. The copepodites were fed with different concentrations of toxic P. seriata and a strain of P. obtusa that previously was tested to be non-toxic. The ingestion rates did not differ among the diets (P. seriata, P. obtusa, a mixture of both species), and they accumulated 6%-16% of ingested DA (up to 420 μg per dry weight copepodite). When P. seriata was exposed to the copepodites, either through physical contact with the grazers or separated by a membrane, the toxicity of P. seriata increased (up to 3300%) suggesting the response to be chemically mediated. The induced response was also triggered when copepodites grazed on another diatom, supporting the hypothesis that the cues originate from the copepodite. Neither pH nor nutrient concentrations explained the induced DA production. Unexpectedly, P. obtusa also produced DA when exposed to grazing copepodites, thus representing the second reported toxic polar diatom.

U2 - 10.3390/md13063809

DO - 10.3390/md13063809

M3 - Journal article

SN - 1660-3397

VL - 13

SP - 3809

EP - 3835

JO - Marine Drugs

JF - Marine Drugs

IS - 6

ER -

Dangerous relations in the arctic marine food web: interactions between toxin producing Pseudo-nitzschia diatoms and Calanus copepodites

Abstract

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