TY - JOUR
T1 - Cytokines in bipolar disorder vs. healthy control subjects
T2 - A systematic review and meta-analysis
AU - Munkholm, Klaus
AU - Braüner, Julie Vestergaard
AU - Kessing, Lars Vedel
AU - Vinberg, Maj
PY - 2013/9
Y1 - 2013/9
N2 - Background: Bipolar disorder may be associated with peripheral immune system dysfunction; however, results in individual studies are conflicting. Our aim was to systematically review evidence of peripheral cytokine alterations in bipolar disorder integrating findings from various affective states. Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis of studies comparing peripheral cytokine concentrations in patients with bipolar disorder with healthy control subjects. Results were reported according to the PRISMA statement. Results: Eighteen studies with a total of 761 bipolar disorder patients and 919 healthy controls were included. Overall, concentrations of soluble Interleukin (IL)-2 receptor (sIL-2R), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1 (sTNFR1) (p<0.001 each), sIL-6R (p=0.01) and IL-4 (p=0.04) were significantly higher in bipolar patients compared with healthy controls. There were no significant differences between bipolar disorder patients and healthy control subjects for IL-1, IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-1β, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and sTNFR2. Conclusions: Employing a global approach, incorporating evidence across affective states, this meta-analysis found some support for peripheral inflammatory alterations in bipolar disorder. Results were limited by heterogeneity between studies, insufficient standardization and lacking control for confounders in individual studies. Further research exploring the role of the peripheral inflammatory system in relation to neuroinflammation is warranted.
AB - Background: Bipolar disorder may be associated with peripheral immune system dysfunction; however, results in individual studies are conflicting. Our aim was to systematically review evidence of peripheral cytokine alterations in bipolar disorder integrating findings from various affective states. Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis of studies comparing peripheral cytokine concentrations in patients with bipolar disorder with healthy control subjects. Results were reported according to the PRISMA statement. Results: Eighteen studies with a total of 761 bipolar disorder patients and 919 healthy controls were included. Overall, concentrations of soluble Interleukin (IL)-2 receptor (sIL-2R), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1 (sTNFR1) (p<0.001 each), sIL-6R (p=0.01) and IL-4 (p=0.04) were significantly higher in bipolar patients compared with healthy controls. There were no significant differences between bipolar disorder patients and healthy control subjects for IL-1, IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-1β, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and sTNFR2. Conclusions: Employing a global approach, incorporating evidence across affective states, this meta-analysis found some support for peripheral inflammatory alterations in bipolar disorder. Results were limited by heterogeneity between studies, insufficient standardization and lacking control for confounders in individual studies. Further research exploring the role of the peripheral inflammatory system in relation to neuroinflammation is warranted.
U2 - 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.05.018
DO - 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.05.018
M3 - Review
SN - 0022-3956
VL - 47
SP - 1119
EP - 1133
JO - Journal of Psychiatric Research
JF - Journal of Psychiatric Research
IS - 9
ER -