TY - JOUR
T1 - Copenhagen five-second squeeze
T2 - A valid indicator of sports-related hip and groin function
AU - Thorborg, K.
AU - Branci, S.
AU - Nielsen, M. P.
AU - Langelund, M. T.
AU - Hölmich, P.
PY - 2017
Y1 - 2017
N2 - Background No simple clinical measure exits to evaluate groin pain and its severity in athletes. The aim was to investigate the validity, reliability and responsiveness of a five-second hip-adduction squeeze test for football players designed to assess sports-related hip and groin function, pain and severity. Methods Construct validity was assessed in 667 subelite male football players with a mean age (±SD) of 24±4 in the beginning of the season. Responsiveness and reliability were evaluated during the season in 52 and 10 players, respectively. Players answered the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) and performed the Copenhagen five-second squeeze assessed on a Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NRS) ranging from 0 to 10. Results As hypothesised higher pain scores during the Copenhagen five-second squeeze correlated significantly (Spearman's rho=-0.61, p>0.01) with a lesser HAGOS (Sport) Score. The change scores in the Copenhagen five-second squeeze also correlated significantly (Spearman's rho=-0.51, p>0.01), with HAGOS (Sport) change scores in the responsiveness analysis, and test-retest reliability (concordance correlation coefficient) was 0.90. Moreover, significant (p>0.01) betweengroup differences existed for HAGOS (Sport) Scores in players reporting groin pain intensity at one of the 3 different pain levels: NRS (0-2), NRS (3-5) and NRS (6-10). The NRS (6-10) group had the lowest median (IQR) HAGOS (Sport) Score of 47 (31-61). Conclusions The Copenhagen five-second squeeze is a valid indicator of sports-related hip and groin function in football players. Players reporting groin pain intensity as 6 of 10 or more in the Copenhagen five-second squeeze experience substantially impaired sports-related hip and groin function.
AB - Background No simple clinical measure exits to evaluate groin pain and its severity in athletes. The aim was to investigate the validity, reliability and responsiveness of a five-second hip-adduction squeeze test for football players designed to assess sports-related hip and groin function, pain and severity. Methods Construct validity was assessed in 667 subelite male football players with a mean age (±SD) of 24±4 in the beginning of the season. Responsiveness and reliability were evaluated during the season in 52 and 10 players, respectively. Players answered the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) and performed the Copenhagen five-second squeeze assessed on a Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NRS) ranging from 0 to 10. Results As hypothesised higher pain scores during the Copenhagen five-second squeeze correlated significantly (Spearman's rho=-0.61, p>0.01) with a lesser HAGOS (Sport) Score. The change scores in the Copenhagen five-second squeeze also correlated significantly (Spearman's rho=-0.51, p>0.01), with HAGOS (Sport) change scores in the responsiveness analysis, and test-retest reliability (concordance correlation coefficient) was 0.90. Moreover, significant (p>0.01) betweengroup differences existed for HAGOS (Sport) Scores in players reporting groin pain intensity at one of the 3 different pain levels: NRS (0-2), NRS (3-5) and NRS (6-10). The NRS (6-10) group had the lowest median (IQR) HAGOS (Sport) Score of 47 (31-61). Conclusions The Copenhagen five-second squeeze is a valid indicator of sports-related hip and groin function in football players. Players reporting groin pain intensity as 6 of 10 or more in the Copenhagen five-second squeeze experience substantially impaired sports-related hip and groin function.
U2 - 10.1136/bjsports-2016-096675
DO - 10.1136/bjsports-2016-096675
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 27935487
AN - SCOPUS:85028263498
SN - 0306-3674
VL - 51
SP - 594
EP - 599
JO - British Journal of Sports Medicine
JF - British Journal of Sports Medicine
IS - 7
ER -