Abstract
Midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons play a central role in the regulation of voluntary movement, and their degeneration is associated with Parkinson's disease. Cell replacement therapies, and in particular embryonic stem (ES) cell-derived DA neurons, offer a potential therapeutic venue for Parkinson's disease. We sought to identify genes that can potentiate maturation of ES cell cultures to the midbrain DA neuron phenotype. A number of transcription factors have been implicated in the development of midbrain DA neurons by expression analyses and loss-of-function knockout mouse studies, including Nurr1, Pitx3, Lmx1b, Engrailed-1, and Engrailed-2. However, none of these factors appear sufficient alone to induce the mature midbrain DA neuron phenotype in ES cell cultures in vitro, suggesting a more complex regulatory network. Here we show that Nurr1 and Pitx3 cooperatively promote terminal maturation to the midbrain DA neuron phenotype in murine and human ES cell cultures.
Original language | English |
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Journal | Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America |
Volume | 103 |
Issue number | 8 |
Pages (from-to) | 2874-2879 |
Number of pages | 6 |
ISSN | 0027-8424 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2006 |
Keywords
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation
- Cells, Cultured
- DNA-Binding Proteins
- Dopamine
- Embryo, Mammalian
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Homeodomain Proteins
- Humans
- Mesencephalon
- Mice
- Neurons
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2
- Phenotype
- Stem Cell Transplantation
- Stem Cells
- Transcription Factors