TY - JOUR
T1 - Children Attending Day Care Centers are a Year-round Reservoir of Gastrointestinal Viruses
AU - Hebbelstrup Jensen, Betina
AU - Jokelainen, Pikka
AU - Nielsen, Alex Christian Yde
AU - Franck, Kristina Træholt
AU - Rejkjær Holm, Dorthe
AU - Schønning, Kristian
AU - Petersen, Andreas M
AU - Krogfelt, Karen A
PY - 2019/12/1
Y1 - 2019/12/1
N2 - Viral gastroenteritis causes high morbidity worldwide. In this study, stool samples from 179 children aged 0-6 years attending Danish day care centers were investigated for gastrointestinal viruses. Each child was observed for one year with submission of samples and questionnaires every two months. Adenovirus, norovirus, rotavirus, and sapovirus were detected in samples using real-time PCR. A total of 229 (33%) of the 688 samples collected tested positive for at least one virus. At the first sampling point, adenovirus was shed by 6%, norovirus genotype I by 3% and genotype II by 12%, rotavirus A by 9%, and sapovirus by 21% of the 142 children included in the risk factor analyses. Increasing age was identified as a protective factor against testing positive for gastrointestinal virus, whereas nausea during the previous two months was positively associated with testing positive. Odds of shedding adenovirus were 9.6 times higher among children treated with antibiotics within the previous two months than among children who were not. Gastrointestinal viruses were shed year-round and high viral loads were observed in samples from both symptomatic and asymptomatic children, suggesting children in day care as a reservoir and a possible source of spreading of viruses into the community.
AB - Viral gastroenteritis causes high morbidity worldwide. In this study, stool samples from 179 children aged 0-6 years attending Danish day care centers were investigated for gastrointestinal viruses. Each child was observed for one year with submission of samples and questionnaires every two months. Adenovirus, norovirus, rotavirus, and sapovirus were detected in samples using real-time PCR. A total of 229 (33%) of the 688 samples collected tested positive for at least one virus. At the first sampling point, adenovirus was shed by 6%, norovirus genotype I by 3% and genotype II by 12%, rotavirus A by 9%, and sapovirus by 21% of the 142 children included in the risk factor analyses. Increasing age was identified as a protective factor against testing positive for gastrointestinal virus, whereas nausea during the previous two months was positively associated with testing positive. Odds of shedding adenovirus were 9.6 times higher among children treated with antibiotics within the previous two months than among children who were not. Gastrointestinal viruses were shed year-round and high viral loads were observed in samples from both symptomatic and asymptomatic children, suggesting children in day care as a reservoir and a possible source of spreading of viruses into the community.
U2 - 10.1038/s41598-019-40077-9
DO - 10.1038/s41598-019-40077-9
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 30824842
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 9
JO - Scientific Reports
JF - Scientific Reports
IS - 1
M1 - 3286
ER -