Childhood ADHD and conduct disorder as independent predictors of male alcohol dependence at age 40

Joachim Knop; Elizabeth C Penick; Elizabeth J Nickel; Erik Lykke Mortensen; Margaret A Sullivan; Syed Murtaza; Per Jensen; Ann M Manzardo; William F Gabrielli; Joachim Knop; Elizabeth C Penick; Elizabeth J Nickel; Erik Lykke Mortensen; Margaret A Sullivan; Syed Murtaza; Per Jensen; Ann M Manzardo; William F Gabrielli

Childhood ADHD and conduct disorder as independent predictors of male alcohol dependence at age 40

Joachim Knop, Elizabeth C Penick, Elizabeth J Nickel, Erik Lykke Mortensen, Margaret A Sullivan, Syed Murtaza, Per Jensen, Ann M Manzardo, William F Gabrielli, Joachim Knop, Elizabeth C Penick, Elizabeth J Nickel, Erik Lykke Mortensen, Margaret A Sullivan, Syed Murtaza, Per Jensen, Ann M Manzardo, William F Gabrielli

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Abstract

ABSTRACT. Objective: The Danish Longitudinal Study on Alcoholism was designed to identify antecedent predictors of adult male alcoholism. The influence of premorbid behaviors consistent with childhood conduct disorder (CD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on the development of alcohol misuse was examined. Method: Subjects were selected from a Danish birth cohort (9,125), which included 223 sons of alcoholic fathers (high risk) and 106 matched sons of nonalcoholic fathers (low risk). These subjects have been studied systematically over the past 40 years. They were evaluated in their teens (n = 238), later as adults at age 30 (n = 241), and more recently at age 40 (n = 202). At 19-year/20-year follow-ups, an ADHD scale was derived from teacher ratings and a CD scale was derived from a social worker interview. At 30-year and 40-year follow-ups, a psychiatrist used structured interviews and criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised, to quantify lifetime alcoholism severity and to diagnose alcohol-use disorder. Of the original subjects, 110 had complete data for the two childhood measures and the adult alcoholism outcomes. Results: In this smaller subsample, paternal risk did not predict adult alcohol dependence. Subjects who were above a median split on both the ADHD and the CD scales were more than six times more likely to develop alcohol dependence than subjects who scored below the median on both. Although the two childhood measures were correlated, a multiple regression showed that each independently predicted a measure of lifetime alcoholism severity. Conclusions: ADHD comorbid with CD was the strongest predictor of later alcohol dependence. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs 70: 169-177, 2009).

Original language	English
Journal	Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs
Volume	70
Issue number	2
Pages (from-to)	169-77
Number of pages	9
ISSN	1937-1888
Publication status	Published - 1 Mar 2009

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Knop, J., Penick, E. C., Nickel, E. J., Mortensen, E. L., Sullivan, M. A., Murtaza, S., Jensen, P., Manzardo, A. M., Gabrielli, W. F., Knop, J., Penick, E. C., Nickel, E. J., Mortensen, E. L., Sullivan, M. A., Murtaza, S., Jensen, P., Manzardo, A. M., & Gabrielli, W. F. (2009). Childhood ADHD and conduct disorder as independent predictors of male alcohol dependence at age 40. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 70(2), 169-77.

Knop, J, Penick, EC, Nickel, EJ, Mortensen, EL, Sullivan, MA, Murtaza, S, Jensen, P, Manzardo, AM, Gabrielli, WF, Knop, J, Penick, EC, Nickel, EJ, Mortensen, EL, Sullivan, MA, Murtaza, S, Jensen, P, Manzardo, AM & Gabrielli, WF 2009, 'Childhood ADHD and conduct disorder as independent predictors of male alcohol dependence at age 40', Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, vol. 70, no. 2, pp. 169-77.

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title = "Childhood ADHD and conduct disorder as independent predictors of male alcohol dependence at age 40",

abstract = "ABSTRACT. Objective: The Danish Longitudinal Study on Alcoholism was designed to identify antecedent predictors of adult male alcoholism. The influence of premorbid behaviors consistent with childhood conduct disorder (CD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on the development of alcohol misuse was examined. Method: Subjects were selected from a Danish birth cohort (9,125), which included 223 sons of alcoholic fathers (high risk) and 106 matched sons of nonalcoholic fathers (low risk). These subjects have been studied systematically over the past 40 years. They were evaluated in their teens (n = 238), later as adults at age 30 (n = 241), and more recently at age 40 (n = 202). At 19-year/20-year follow-ups, an ADHD scale was derived from teacher ratings and a CD scale was derived from a social worker interview. At 30-year and 40-year follow-ups, a psychiatrist used structured interviews and criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised, to quantify lifetime alcoholism severity and to diagnose alcohol-use disorder. Of the original subjects, 110 had complete data for the two childhood measures and the adult alcoholism outcomes. Results: In this smaller subsample, paternal risk did not predict adult alcohol dependence. Subjects who were above a median split on both the ADHD and the CD scales were more than six times more likely to develop alcohol dependence than subjects who scored below the median on both. Although the two childhood measures were correlated, a multiple regression showed that each independently predicted a measure of lifetime alcoholism severity. Conclusions: ADHD comorbid with CD was the strongest predictor of later alcohol dependence. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs 70: 169-177, 2009).",

author = "Joachim Knop and Penick, {Elizabeth C} and Nickel, {Elizabeth J} and Mortensen, {Erik Lykke} and Sullivan, {Margaret A} and Syed Murtaza and Per Jensen and Manzardo, {Ann M} and Gabrielli, {William F} and Joachim Knop and Penick, {Elizabeth C} and Nickel, {Elizabeth J} and Mortensen, {Erik Lykke} and Sullivan, {Margaret A} and Syed Murtaza and Per Jensen and Manzardo, {Ann M} and Gabrielli, {William F}",

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T1 - Childhood ADHD and conduct disorder as independent predictors of male alcohol dependence at age 40

AU - Knop, Joachim

AU - Penick, Elizabeth C

AU - Nickel, Elizabeth J

AU - Mortensen, Erik Lykke

AU - Sullivan, Margaret A

AU - Murtaza, Syed

AU - Jensen, Per

AU - Manzardo, Ann M

AU - Gabrielli, William F

AU - Knop, Joachim

AU - Penick, Elizabeth C

AU - Nickel, Elizabeth J

AU - Mortensen, Erik Lykke

AU - Sullivan, Margaret A

AU - Murtaza, Syed

AU - Jensen, Per

AU - Manzardo, Ann M

AU - Gabrielli, William F

PY - 2009/3/1

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N2 - ABSTRACT. Objective: The Danish Longitudinal Study on Alcoholism was designed to identify antecedent predictors of adult male alcoholism. The influence of premorbid behaviors consistent with childhood conduct disorder (CD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on the development of alcohol misuse was examined. Method: Subjects were selected from a Danish birth cohort (9,125), which included 223 sons of alcoholic fathers (high risk) and 106 matched sons of nonalcoholic fathers (low risk). These subjects have been studied systematically over the past 40 years. They were evaluated in their teens (n = 238), later as adults at age 30 (n = 241), and more recently at age 40 (n = 202). At 19-year/20-year follow-ups, an ADHD scale was derived from teacher ratings and a CD scale was derived from a social worker interview. At 30-year and 40-year follow-ups, a psychiatrist used structured interviews and criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised, to quantify lifetime alcoholism severity and to diagnose alcohol-use disorder. Of the original subjects, 110 had complete data for the two childhood measures and the adult alcoholism outcomes. Results: In this smaller subsample, paternal risk did not predict adult alcohol dependence. Subjects who were above a median split on both the ADHD and the CD scales were more than six times more likely to develop alcohol dependence than subjects who scored below the median on both. Although the two childhood measures were correlated, a multiple regression showed that each independently predicted a measure of lifetime alcoholism severity. Conclusions: ADHD comorbid with CD was the strongest predictor of later alcohol dependence. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs 70: 169-177, 2009).

AB - ABSTRACT. Objective: The Danish Longitudinal Study on Alcoholism was designed to identify antecedent predictors of adult male alcoholism. The influence of premorbid behaviors consistent with childhood conduct disorder (CD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on the development of alcohol misuse was examined. Method: Subjects were selected from a Danish birth cohort (9,125), which included 223 sons of alcoholic fathers (high risk) and 106 matched sons of nonalcoholic fathers (low risk). These subjects have been studied systematically over the past 40 years. They were evaluated in their teens (n = 238), later as adults at age 30 (n = 241), and more recently at age 40 (n = 202). At 19-year/20-year follow-ups, an ADHD scale was derived from teacher ratings and a CD scale was derived from a social worker interview. At 30-year and 40-year follow-ups, a psychiatrist used structured interviews and criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised, to quantify lifetime alcoholism severity and to diagnose alcohol-use disorder. Of the original subjects, 110 had complete data for the two childhood measures and the adult alcoholism outcomes. Results: In this smaller subsample, paternal risk did not predict adult alcohol dependence. Subjects who were above a median split on both the ADHD and the CD scales were more than six times more likely to develop alcohol dependence than subjects who scored below the median on both. Although the two childhood measures were correlated, a multiple regression showed that each independently predicted a measure of lifetime alcoholism severity. Conclusions: ADHD comorbid with CD was the strongest predictor of later alcohol dependence. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs 70: 169-177, 2009).

M3 - Journal article

SN - 1937-1888

VL - 70

SP - 169

EP - 177

JO - Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs

JF - Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs

IS - 2

ER -

Childhood ADHD and conduct disorder as independent predictors of male alcohol dependence at age 40

Abstract

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