Changes in Taste Threshold, Perceived Intensity, Liking, and Preference in Pregnant Women: a Literature Review

Hugo Weenen; Annemarie Olsen; Evangelia Nanou; Esmée Moreau; Smita Nambiar; Carel Vereijken; Leilani Muhardi

doi:10.1007/s12078-018-9246-x

Changes in Taste Threshold, Perceived Intensity, Liking, and Preference in Pregnant Women: a Literature Review

Hugo Weenen^*, Annemarie Olsen, Evangelia Nanou, Esmée Moreau, Smita Nambiar, Carel Vereijken, Leilani Muhardi

^*Corresponding author for this work

5 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Introduction: Studies of changes in taste threshold, perceived intensity, liking, and preference during pregnancy were reviewed, because such changes have the potential to negatively impact nutrient intake in pregnant women. Methods: Medline and Web of Science were searched; eligibility was based on inclusion, exclusion, and quality criteria. Results: Fourteen articles were included: 5 reported taste thresholds, 8 taste intensity, and 13 liking/preferences. Articles addressed sweet, salty, sour, and bitter, not umami. Results of self-reported changes suggested that many women experienced some sort of alteration in taste during pregnancy. Studies with real stimuli demonstrated that the only consistent finding for taste thresholds was that pregnant women showed higher thresholds for bitterness in their first trimester. For taste intensity, no consistent differences between pregnant women and controls were observed. However, over the course of pregnancy, salty intensity seemed to decrease, the intensity of other tastes did not change. During pregnancy, higher saltiness was liked more and salty snacks were consumed more, particularly in the second and/or third trimester. Drinks with lower sweetness were preferred and intake of sweet snacks was highest in the second trimester. Preference for sour and bitter did not seem to be affected. Conclusion: Self-reports suggested that many women experienced some taste changes during pregnancy, while changes based on studies with real stimuli were limited. Implications: Many women experienced a higher threshold for bitter perception in the first trimester, a preference for sweet snacks in the second trimester, and higher saltiness appetite in the second and third trimester of pregnancy, which may have nutritional consequences.

Original language	English
Journal	Chemosensory Perception
Volume	12
Issue number	1
Pages (from-to)	1-17
Number of pages	17
ISSN	1936-5802
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s12078-018-9246-x
Publication status	Published - 15 Apr 2019

Keywords

Intensity
Liking
Preference
Pregnancy
Taste
Threshold

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10.1007/s12078-018-9246-x

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title = "Changes in Taste Threshold, Perceived Intensity, Liking, and Preference in Pregnant Women: a Literature Review",

abstract = "Introduction: Studies of changes in taste threshold, perceived intensity, liking, and preference during pregnancy were reviewed, because such changes have the potential to negatively impact nutrient intake in pregnant women. Methods: Medline and Web of Science were searched; eligibility was based on inclusion, exclusion, and quality criteria. Results: Fourteen articles were included: 5 reported taste thresholds, 8 taste intensity, and 13 liking/preferences. Articles addressed sweet, salty, sour, and bitter, not umami. Results of self-reported changes suggested that many women experienced some sort of alteration in taste during pregnancy. Studies with real stimuli demonstrated that the only consistent finding for taste thresholds was that pregnant women showed higher thresholds for bitterness in their first trimester. For taste intensity, no consistent differences between pregnant women and controls were observed. However, over the course of pregnancy, salty intensity seemed to decrease, the intensity of other tastes did not change. During pregnancy, higher saltiness was liked more and salty snacks were consumed more, particularly in the second and/or third trimester. Drinks with lower sweetness were preferred and intake of sweet snacks was highest in the second trimester. Preference for sour and bitter did not seem to be affected. Conclusion: Self-reports suggested that many women experienced some taste changes during pregnancy, while changes based on studies with real stimuli were limited. Implications: Many women experienced a higher threshold for bitter perception in the first trimester, a preference for sweet snacks in the second trimester, and higher saltiness appetite in the second and third trimester of pregnancy, which may have nutritional consequences.",

keywords = "Intensity, Liking, Preference, Pregnancy, Taste, Threshold",

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AU - Nanou, Evangelia

AU - Moreau, Esmée

AU - Nambiar, Smita

AU - Vereijken, Carel

AU - Muhardi, Leilani

PY - 2019/4/15

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N2 - Introduction: Studies of changes in taste threshold, perceived intensity, liking, and preference during pregnancy were reviewed, because such changes have the potential to negatively impact nutrient intake in pregnant women. Methods: Medline and Web of Science were searched; eligibility was based on inclusion, exclusion, and quality criteria. Results: Fourteen articles were included: 5 reported taste thresholds, 8 taste intensity, and 13 liking/preferences. Articles addressed sweet, salty, sour, and bitter, not umami. Results of self-reported changes suggested that many women experienced some sort of alteration in taste during pregnancy. Studies with real stimuli demonstrated that the only consistent finding for taste thresholds was that pregnant women showed higher thresholds for bitterness in their first trimester. For taste intensity, no consistent differences between pregnant women and controls were observed. However, over the course of pregnancy, salty intensity seemed to decrease, the intensity of other tastes did not change. During pregnancy, higher saltiness was liked more and salty snacks were consumed more, particularly in the second and/or third trimester. Drinks with lower sweetness were preferred and intake of sweet snacks was highest in the second trimester. Preference for sour and bitter did not seem to be affected. Conclusion: Self-reports suggested that many women experienced some taste changes during pregnancy, while changes based on studies with real stimuli were limited. Implications: Many women experienced a higher threshold for bitter perception in the first trimester, a preference for sweet snacks in the second trimester, and higher saltiness appetite in the second and third trimester of pregnancy, which may have nutritional consequences.

AB - Introduction: Studies of changes in taste threshold, perceived intensity, liking, and preference during pregnancy were reviewed, because such changes have the potential to negatively impact nutrient intake in pregnant women. Methods: Medline and Web of Science were searched; eligibility was based on inclusion, exclusion, and quality criteria. Results: Fourteen articles were included: 5 reported taste thresholds, 8 taste intensity, and 13 liking/preferences. Articles addressed sweet, salty, sour, and bitter, not umami. Results of self-reported changes suggested that many women experienced some sort of alteration in taste during pregnancy. Studies with real stimuli demonstrated that the only consistent finding for taste thresholds was that pregnant women showed higher thresholds for bitterness in their first trimester. For taste intensity, no consistent differences between pregnant women and controls were observed. However, over the course of pregnancy, salty intensity seemed to decrease, the intensity of other tastes did not change. During pregnancy, higher saltiness was liked more and salty snacks were consumed more, particularly in the second and/or third trimester. Drinks with lower sweetness were preferred and intake of sweet snacks was highest in the second trimester. Preference for sour and bitter did not seem to be affected. Conclusion: Self-reports suggested that many women experienced some taste changes during pregnancy, while changes based on studies with real stimuli were limited. Implications: Many women experienced a higher threshold for bitter perception in the first trimester, a preference for sweet snacks in the second trimester, and higher saltiness appetite in the second and third trimester of pregnancy, which may have nutritional consequences.

KW - Intensity

KW - Liking

KW - Preference

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KW - Taste

KW - Threshold

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ER -

Changes in Taste Threshold, Perceived Intensity, Liking, and Preference in Pregnant Women: a Literature Review

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Keywords

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