Cerebral autoregulation dynamics in endurance-trained individuals

Mikkel Lind-Holst; James D Cotter; Jørn W Helge; Robert Christopher Boushel; Helene Augustesen; Johannes J Van Lieshout; Frank C Pott

doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01497.2010

Cerebral autoregulation dynamics in endurance-trained individuals

Mikkel Lind-Holst, James D Cotter, Jørn W Helge, Robert Christopher Boushel, Helene Augustesen, Johannes J Van Lieshout, Frank C Pott

30 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Aerobic fitness may be associated with reduced orthostatic tolerance. To investigate whether trained individuals have less effective regulation of cerebral vascular resistance, we studied the middle cerebral artery (MCA) mean blood velocity (V_mean) response to a sudden drop in mean arterial pressure (MAP) after 2.5 min of leg ischemia in endurance athletes and untrained subjects (maximal O₂ uptake: 69 ± 7 vs. 42 ± 5 ml O₂ min^-1 kg^-1; n = 9 for both, means ± SE). After cuff release when seated, endurance athletes had larger drops in MAP (94 ± 6 to 62 ± 5 mmHg, -39%, vs. 99 ± 5 to 73 ± 4 mmHg, -26%) and MCA V_mean (53 ± 3 to 37 ± 2 cm/s, -30%, vs. 58 ± 3 to 43 ± 2 cm/s, -25%). The athletes also had a slower recovery to baseline of both MAP (25 ± 2 vs. 16 ± 1 s, P < 0.01) and MCA V_mean (15 ± 1 vs. 11 ± 1 s, P < 0.05). The onset of autoregulation, determined by the time point of increase in the cerebrovascular conductance index (CVCi = MCA V_mean/MAP) appeared later in the athletes (3.9 ± 0.4 vs. 2.7 ± 0.4s, P < 0.01). Spectral analysis revealed a normal MAP-to-MCA V_mean phase in both groups but ∼40% higher normalized MAP to MCA V_mean low-frequency transfer function gain in the trained subjects. No significant differences were detected in the rates of recovery of MAP and MCA V_mean and the rate of CVCi regulation (18 ± 4 vs. 24 ± 7%/s, P ± 0.2). In highly trained endurance athletes, a drop in blood pressure after the release of resting leg ischemia was more pronounced than in untrained subjects and was associated with parallel changes in indexes of cerebral blood flow. Once initiated, the autoregulatory response was similar between the groups. A delayed onset of autoregulation with a larger normalized transfer gain conforms with a less effective dampening of MAP oscillations, indicating that athletes may be more prone to instances of symptomatic cerebral hypoperfusion when MAP declines.

Original language	English
Journal	Journal of Applied Physiology
Volume	110
Issue number	5
Pages (from-to)	1327-33
Number of pages	7
ISSN	1522-1601
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01497.2010
Publication status	Published - May 2011

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title = "Cerebral autoregulation dynamics in endurance-trained individuals",

abstract = "Aerobic fitness may be associated with reduced orthostatic tolerance. To investigate whether trained individuals have less effective regulation of cerebral vascular resistance, we studied the middle cerebral artery (MCA) mean blood velocity (Vmean) response to a sudden drop in mean arterial pressure (MAP) after 2.5 min of leg ischemia in endurance athletes and untrained subjects (maximal O2 uptake: 69 ± 7 vs. 42 ± 5 ml O2 min-1 kg-1; n = 9 for both, means ± SE). After cuff release when seated, endurance athletes had larger drops in MAP (94 ± 6 to 62 ± 5 mmHg, -39%, vs. 99 ± 5 to 73 ± 4 mmHg, -26%) and MCA Vmean (53 ± 3 to 37 ± 2 cm/s, -30%, vs. 58 ± 3 to 43 ± 2 cm/s, -25%). The athletes also had a slower recovery to baseline of both MAP (25 ± 2 vs. 16 ± 1 s, P < 0.01) and MCA Vmean (15 ± 1 vs. 11 ± 1 s, P < 0.05). The onset of autoregulation, determined by the time point of increase in the cerebrovascular conductance index (CVCi = MCA Vmean/MAP) appeared later in the athletes (3.9 ± 0.4 vs. 2.7 ± 0.4s, P < 0.01). Spectral analysis revealed a normal MAP-to-MCA Vmean phase in both groups but ∼40% higher normalized MAP to MCA Vmean low-frequency transfer function gain in the trained subjects. No significant differences were detected in the rates of recovery of MAP and MCA Vmean and the rate of CVCi regulation (18 ± 4 vs. 24 ± 7%/s, P ± 0.2). In highly trained endurance athletes, a drop in blood pressure after the release of resting leg ischemia was more pronounced than in untrained subjects and was associated with parallel changes in indexes of cerebral blood flow. Once initiated, the autoregulatory response was similar between the groups. A delayed onset of autoregulation with a larger normalized transfer gain conforms with a less effective dampening of MAP oscillations, indicating that athletes may be more prone to instances of symptomatic cerebral hypoperfusion when MAP declines.",

author = "Mikkel Lind-Holst and Cotter, {James D} and Helge, {J{\o}rn W} and Boushel, {Robert Christopher} and Helene Augustesen and {Van Lieshout}, {Johannes J} and Pott, {Frank C}",

year = "2011",

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doi = "10.1152/japplphysiol.01497.2010",

language = "English",

volume = "110",

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T1 - Cerebral autoregulation dynamics in endurance-trained individuals

AU - Lind-Holst, Mikkel

AU - Cotter, James D

AU - Helge, Jørn W

AU - Boushel, Robert Christopher

AU - Augustesen, Helene

AU - Van Lieshout, Johannes J

AU - Pott, Frank C

PY - 2011/5

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N2 - Aerobic fitness may be associated with reduced orthostatic tolerance. To investigate whether trained individuals have less effective regulation of cerebral vascular resistance, we studied the middle cerebral artery (MCA) mean blood velocity (Vmean) response to a sudden drop in mean arterial pressure (MAP) after 2.5 min of leg ischemia in endurance athletes and untrained subjects (maximal O2 uptake: 69 ± 7 vs. 42 ± 5 ml O2 min-1 kg-1; n = 9 for both, means ± SE). After cuff release when seated, endurance athletes had larger drops in MAP (94 ± 6 to 62 ± 5 mmHg, -39%, vs. 99 ± 5 to 73 ± 4 mmHg, -26%) and MCA Vmean (53 ± 3 to 37 ± 2 cm/s, -30%, vs. 58 ± 3 to 43 ± 2 cm/s, -25%). The athletes also had a slower recovery to baseline of both MAP (25 ± 2 vs. 16 ± 1 s, P < 0.01) and MCA Vmean (15 ± 1 vs. 11 ± 1 s, P < 0.05). The onset of autoregulation, determined by the time point of increase in the cerebrovascular conductance index (CVCi = MCA Vmean/MAP) appeared later in the athletes (3.9 ± 0.4 vs. 2.7 ± 0.4s, P < 0.01). Spectral analysis revealed a normal MAP-to-MCA Vmean phase in both groups but ∼40% higher normalized MAP to MCA Vmean low-frequency transfer function gain in the trained subjects. No significant differences were detected in the rates of recovery of MAP and MCA Vmean and the rate of CVCi regulation (18 ± 4 vs. 24 ± 7%/s, P ± 0.2). In highly trained endurance athletes, a drop in blood pressure after the release of resting leg ischemia was more pronounced than in untrained subjects and was associated with parallel changes in indexes of cerebral blood flow. Once initiated, the autoregulatory response was similar between the groups. A delayed onset of autoregulation with a larger normalized transfer gain conforms with a less effective dampening of MAP oscillations, indicating that athletes may be more prone to instances of symptomatic cerebral hypoperfusion when MAP declines.

AB - Aerobic fitness may be associated with reduced orthostatic tolerance. To investigate whether trained individuals have less effective regulation of cerebral vascular resistance, we studied the middle cerebral artery (MCA) mean blood velocity (Vmean) response to a sudden drop in mean arterial pressure (MAP) after 2.5 min of leg ischemia in endurance athletes and untrained subjects (maximal O2 uptake: 69 ± 7 vs. 42 ± 5 ml O2 min-1 kg-1; n = 9 for both, means ± SE). After cuff release when seated, endurance athletes had larger drops in MAP (94 ± 6 to 62 ± 5 mmHg, -39%, vs. 99 ± 5 to 73 ± 4 mmHg, -26%) and MCA Vmean (53 ± 3 to 37 ± 2 cm/s, -30%, vs. 58 ± 3 to 43 ± 2 cm/s, -25%). The athletes also had a slower recovery to baseline of both MAP (25 ± 2 vs. 16 ± 1 s, P < 0.01) and MCA Vmean (15 ± 1 vs. 11 ± 1 s, P < 0.05). The onset of autoregulation, determined by the time point of increase in the cerebrovascular conductance index (CVCi = MCA Vmean/MAP) appeared later in the athletes (3.9 ± 0.4 vs. 2.7 ± 0.4s, P < 0.01). Spectral analysis revealed a normal MAP-to-MCA Vmean phase in both groups but ∼40% higher normalized MAP to MCA Vmean low-frequency transfer function gain in the trained subjects. No significant differences were detected in the rates of recovery of MAP and MCA Vmean and the rate of CVCi regulation (18 ± 4 vs. 24 ± 7%/s, P ± 0.2). In highly trained endurance athletes, a drop in blood pressure after the release of resting leg ischemia was more pronounced than in untrained subjects and was associated with parallel changes in indexes of cerebral blood flow. Once initiated, the autoregulatory response was similar between the groups. A delayed onset of autoregulation with a larger normalized transfer gain conforms with a less effective dampening of MAP oscillations, indicating that athletes may be more prone to instances of symptomatic cerebral hypoperfusion when MAP declines.

U2 - 10.1152/japplphysiol.01497.2010

DO - 10.1152/japplphysiol.01497.2010

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 21372098

SN - 1522-1601

VL - 110

SP - 1327

EP - 1333

JO - Journal of Applied Physiology

JF - Journal of Applied Physiology

IS - 5

ER -

Cerebral autoregulation dynamics in endurance-trained individuals

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