Cardiovascular risk factors in rural Kenyans are associated with differential age gradients, but not modified by sex or ethnicity

TY - JOUR

T1 - Cardiovascular risk factors in rural Kenyans are associated with differential age gradients, but not modified by sex or ethnicity

AU - Christensen, Dirk Lund

AU - Faurholt-Jepsen, Daniel

AU - Birkegaard, Louise

AU - Mwaniki, David L

AU - Boit, Michael K

AU - Kilonzo, Beatrice

AU - Brage, Søren

AU - Friis, Henrik

AU - Tetens, Inge

AU - Borch-Johnsen, Knut

AU - Vistisen, Dorte

N1 - CURIS 2016 NEXS 030

PY - 2016/1/2

Y1 - 2016/1/2

N2 - Background: The relationship between metabolic disease and the non-modifiable risk factors sex, age and ethnicity in Africans is not well-established.Aim: This study aimed to describe sex, age and ethnicity differences in blood pressure (BP) and lipid status in rural Kenyans.Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken among rural Kenyans. BP and pulse rate (PR) were measured while sitting and fasting blood samples were taken for analysis of standard lipid profile. Standard anthropometric measurements were collected. Physical activity energy expenditure was obtained objectively and lifestyle data were obtained using questionnaires.Results: In total, 1139 individuals (61.0% women) participated aged 17-68 years. Age was positively associated with BP and plasma cholesterol levels. Sitting PR was negatively associated with age in women only (sex-interaction p < 0.001). Ethnicity did not modify any of the age-associations with haemodynamic or lipid outcomes. Differences in intercept between women and men were found in all parameters except for diastolic BP (p = 0.154), with men having lower HDL-C but higher values in all other cardiovascular risk factors.Conclusion: BP and plasma cholesterol levels increase with age at a similar gradient in men and women, but absolute levels of the majority of the risk factors were higher in men.

AB - Background: The relationship between metabolic disease and the non-modifiable risk factors sex, age and ethnicity in Africans is not well-established.Aim: This study aimed to describe sex, age and ethnicity differences in blood pressure (BP) and lipid status in rural Kenyans.Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken among rural Kenyans. BP and pulse rate (PR) were measured while sitting and fasting blood samples were taken for analysis of standard lipid profile. Standard anthropometric measurements were collected. Physical activity energy expenditure was obtained objectively and lifestyle data were obtained using questionnaires.Results: In total, 1139 individuals (61.0% women) participated aged 17-68 years. Age was positively associated with BP and plasma cholesterol levels. Sitting PR was negatively associated with age in women only (sex-interaction p < 0.001). Ethnicity did not modify any of the age-associations with haemodynamic or lipid outcomes. Differences in intercept between women and men were found in all parameters except for diastolic BP (p = 0.154), with men having lower HDL-C but higher values in all other cardiovascular risk factors.Conclusion: BP and plasma cholesterol levels increase with age at a similar gradient in men and women, but absolute levels of the majority of the risk factors were higher in men.

U2 - 10.3109/03014460.2015.1013987

DO - 10.3109/03014460.2015.1013987

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 26073640

SN - 0301-4460

VL - 43

SP - 42

EP - 49

JO - Annals of Human Biology

JF - Annals of Human Biology

IS - 1

ER -