Carbon Cycling in Floodplain Ecosystems: Out-Gassing and Photosynthesis Transmit Soil d¹³C Gradient Through Stream Food Webs

TY - JOUR

T1 - Carbon Cycling in Floodplain Ecosystems: Out-Gassing and Photosynthesis Transmit Soil d13C Gradient Through Stream Food Webs

AU - Gray, Duncan P.

AU - Harding, Jon S.

AU - Elberling, Bo

AU - Horton, Travis

AU - Clough, Tim J.

AU - Winterbourn, Mike J.

PY - 2011/6

Y1 - 2011/6

N2 - Natural braided river floodplains typically possess high groundwater-surface water exchange, which is vital to the overall function and structure of these complex ecosystems. Spring-fed streams on the floodplain are also hotspots of benthic invertebrate diversity and productivity. The sources of carbon that drive these productive spring-fed systems are not well-known. We conducted field assessments and a manipulation, modeling, and a laboratory experiment to address this issue. Initially δ13C values of both dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and food-web components of five springs were used to assess the sources of carbon to spring food webs. Partial pressures of CO2 in upwelling water ranged from 2 to 7 times atmospheric pressure, but rapidly approached equilibrium with the atmosphere downstream commensurate with 13C enrichment of DIC. Speciation modeling and a laboratory out-gassing experiment suggested that downstream changes in pH could be explained solely by CO2 out-gassing. However, field results indicated that both out-gassing and photosynthetic drawdown by aquatic plants controlled the net flux of CO2. A whole stream manipulation indicated out-gassing was the primary effect at the spring source, which was confirmed by invariant diel pH. At 1296 m downstream from the spring source a large diel shift in pH indicated a plant effect on CO2 concentration which would contribute to the overall downstream gradient in δ13C DIC. Within the first 1296 m the gradient in δ13 DIC was transmitted through three trophic levels of the spring food web. These findings indicate dependency on groundwater inorganic carbon by spring stream food webs and strong hydrologically mediated linkages connecting terrestrial, subsurface, and aquatic components of the floodplain.

AB - Natural braided river floodplains typically possess high groundwater-surface water exchange, which is vital to the overall function and structure of these complex ecosystems. Spring-fed streams on the floodplain are also hotspots of benthic invertebrate diversity and productivity. The sources of carbon that drive these productive spring-fed systems are not well-known. We conducted field assessments and a manipulation, modeling, and a laboratory experiment to address this issue. Initially δ13C values of both dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and food-web components of five springs were used to assess the sources of carbon to spring food webs. Partial pressures of CO2 in upwelling water ranged from 2 to 7 times atmospheric pressure, but rapidly approached equilibrium with the atmosphere downstream commensurate with 13C enrichment of DIC. Speciation modeling and a laboratory out-gassing experiment suggested that downstream changes in pH could be explained solely by CO2 out-gassing. However, field results indicated that both out-gassing and photosynthetic drawdown by aquatic plants controlled the net flux of CO2. A whole stream manipulation indicated out-gassing was the primary effect at the spring source, which was confirmed by invariant diel pH. At 1296 m downstream from the spring source a large diel shift in pH indicated a plant effect on CO2 concentration which would contribute to the overall downstream gradient in δ13C DIC. Within the first 1296 m the gradient in δ13 DIC was transmitted through three trophic levels of the spring food web. These findings indicate dependency on groundwater inorganic carbon by spring stream food webs and strong hydrologically mediated linkages connecting terrestrial, subsurface, and aquatic components of the floodplain.

U2 - 10.1007/s10021-011-9430-1

DO - 10.1007/s10021-011-9430-1

M3 - Journal article

SN - 1432-9840

VL - 14

SP - 583

EP - 597

JO - Ecosystems

JF - Ecosystems

ER -