Being born small-for-gestational-age is associated with an unfavourable dietary intake in Danish adolescent girls: findings from the Danish National Birth Cohort

Freja Bach Kampmann; L G Grunnet; T I Halldorsson; A A Bjerregaard; C Granstrøm; Sara Monteiro Pires; M Strøm; A A Vaag; Inge Tetens; S F Olsen

doi:10.1017/S2040174418000910

Being born small-for-gestational-age is associated with an unfavourable dietary intake in Danish adolescent girls: findings from the Danish National Birth Cohort

Freja Bach Kampmann^*, L G Grunnet, T I Halldorsson, A A Bjerregaard, C Granstrøm, Sara Monteiro Pires, M Strøm, A A Vaag, Inge Tetens, S F Olsen

^*Corresponding author for this work

Nutrition and Health

Abstract

Individuals born small have an increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes. Altered food preferences in these subjects seem to play a role; however, limited evidence is available on the association between being born small-for-gestational-age (SGA) at term and food intake in adolescence. Alterations in leptin, ghrelin and dopamine levels are suggested mechanisms linking SGA with later food intake. From a large prospective Danish National Birth Cohort, we compared dietary intake of adolescents being born SGA with normal-for-gestational-age (NGA) adolescents. Intake of foods and nutrients was assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire in a subsample of 15,607 14-year-old individuals born at term. SGA was defined by birth weight (BW) <10th percentile (n = 1470) and NGA as BW between 10 and 90th percentile (n = 14,137) according to sex and gestational age-specific BW standard curves. Girls born SGA had a 7% (95% CI: 3-12%, P = 0.002) higher intake of added sugar and a 2-8% lower intake of dietary fibre, vegetables, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and total n-6, compared with NGA girls (P < 0.05). Adjusting for parental socio-occupational status, maternal smoking and diet in pregnancy did not substantially change the differences in dietary intake, except from dietary fibre, which were no longer statistically significant. No significant differences in dietary intake between SGA and NGA boys were found. In summary, girls born SGA had an unfavourable dietary intake compared with NGA girls. These differences persisted after controlling for potential confounders, thus supporting a fetal programming effect on dietary intake in girls born SGA at term. However, residual confounding by other factors operating early in childhood cannot be excluded.

Original language	English
Journal	Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease
Volume	10
Issue number	4
Pages (from-to)	488-496
Number of pages	9
ISSN	2040-1744
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1017/S2040174418000910
Publication status	Published - 1 Aug 2019

Keywords

Faculty of Science
Adolescence
Dietary intake
Fetal programming
Small-for-gestational-age (SGA)

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1017/S2040174418000910

Cite this

Kampmann, F. B., Grunnet, L. G., Halldorsson, T. I., Bjerregaard, A. A., Granstrøm, C., Pires, S. M., Strøm, M., Vaag, A. A., Tetens, I., & Olsen, S. F. (2019). Being born small-for-gestational-age is associated with an unfavourable dietary intake in Danish adolescent girls: findings from the Danish National Birth Cohort. Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease, 10(4), 488-496. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2040174418000910

Being born small-for-gestational-age is associated with an unfavourable dietary intake in Danish adolescent girls: findings from the Danish National Birth Cohort. / Kampmann, Freja Bach; Grunnet, L G; Halldorsson, T I et al.
In: Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease, Vol. 10, No. 4, 01.08.2019, p. 488-496.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

Kampmann, FB, Grunnet, LG, Halldorsson, TI, Bjerregaard, AA, Granstrøm, C, Pires, SM, Strøm, M, Vaag, AA, Tetens, I & Olsen, SF 2019, 'Being born small-for-gestational-age is associated with an unfavourable dietary intake in Danish adolescent girls: findings from the Danish National Birth Cohort', Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 488-496. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2040174418000910

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abstract = "Individuals born small have an increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes. Altered food preferences in these subjects seem to play a role; however, limited evidence is available on the association between being born small-for-gestational-age (SGA) at term and food intake in adolescence. Alterations in leptin, ghrelin and dopamine levels are suggested mechanisms linking SGA with later food intake. From a large prospective Danish National Birth Cohort, we compared dietary intake of adolescents being born SGA with normal-for-gestational-age (NGA) adolescents. Intake of foods and nutrients was assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire in a subsample of 15,607 14-year-old individuals born at term. SGA was defined by birth weight (BW) <10th percentile (n = 1470) and NGA as BW between 10 and 90th percentile (n = 14,137) according to sex and gestational age-specific BW standard curves. Girls born SGA had a 7% (95% CI: 3-12%, P = 0.002) higher intake of added sugar and a 2-8% lower intake of dietary fibre, vegetables, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and total n-6, compared with NGA girls (P < 0.05). Adjusting for parental socio-occupational status, maternal smoking and diet in pregnancy did not substantially change the differences in dietary intake, except from dietary fibre, which were no longer statistically significant. No significant differences in dietary intake between SGA and NGA boys were found. In summary, girls born SGA had an unfavourable dietary intake compared with NGA girls. These differences persisted after controlling for potential confounders, thus supporting a fetal programming effect on dietary intake in girls born SGA at term. However, residual confounding by other factors operating early in childhood cannot be excluded.",

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T2 - findings from the Danish National Birth Cohort

AU - Kampmann, Freja Bach

AU - Grunnet, L G

AU - Halldorsson, T I

AU - Bjerregaard, A A

AU - Granstrøm, C

AU - Pires, Sara Monteiro

AU - Strøm, M

AU - Vaag, A A

AU - Tetens, Inge

AU - Olsen, S F

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N2 - Individuals born small have an increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes. Altered food preferences in these subjects seem to play a role; however, limited evidence is available on the association between being born small-for-gestational-age (SGA) at term and food intake in adolescence. Alterations in leptin, ghrelin and dopamine levels are suggested mechanisms linking SGA with later food intake. From a large prospective Danish National Birth Cohort, we compared dietary intake of adolescents being born SGA with normal-for-gestational-age (NGA) adolescents. Intake of foods and nutrients was assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire in a subsample of 15,607 14-year-old individuals born at term. SGA was defined by birth weight (BW) <10th percentile (n = 1470) and NGA as BW between 10 and 90th percentile (n = 14,137) according to sex and gestational age-specific BW standard curves. Girls born SGA had a 7% (95% CI: 3-12%, P = 0.002) higher intake of added sugar and a 2-8% lower intake of dietary fibre, vegetables, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and total n-6, compared with NGA girls (P < 0.05). Adjusting for parental socio-occupational status, maternal smoking and diet in pregnancy did not substantially change the differences in dietary intake, except from dietary fibre, which were no longer statistically significant. No significant differences in dietary intake between SGA and NGA boys were found. In summary, girls born SGA had an unfavourable dietary intake compared with NGA girls. These differences persisted after controlling for potential confounders, thus supporting a fetal programming effect on dietary intake in girls born SGA at term. However, residual confounding by other factors operating early in childhood cannot be excluded.

AB - Individuals born small have an increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes. Altered food preferences in these subjects seem to play a role; however, limited evidence is available on the association between being born small-for-gestational-age (SGA) at term and food intake in adolescence. Alterations in leptin, ghrelin and dopamine levels are suggested mechanisms linking SGA with later food intake. From a large prospective Danish National Birth Cohort, we compared dietary intake of adolescents being born SGA with normal-for-gestational-age (NGA) adolescents. Intake of foods and nutrients was assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire in a subsample of 15,607 14-year-old individuals born at term. SGA was defined by birth weight (BW) <10th percentile (n = 1470) and NGA as BW between 10 and 90th percentile (n = 14,137) according to sex and gestational age-specific BW standard curves. Girls born SGA had a 7% (95% CI: 3-12%, P = 0.002) higher intake of added sugar and a 2-8% lower intake of dietary fibre, vegetables, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and total n-6, compared with NGA girls (P < 0.05). Adjusting for parental socio-occupational status, maternal smoking and diet in pregnancy did not substantially change the differences in dietary intake, except from dietary fibre, which were no longer statistically significant. No significant differences in dietary intake between SGA and NGA boys were found. In summary, girls born SGA had an unfavourable dietary intake compared with NGA girls. These differences persisted after controlling for potential confounders, thus supporting a fetal programming effect on dietary intake in girls born SGA at term. However, residual confounding by other factors operating early in childhood cannot be excluded.

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KW - Adolescence

KW - Dietary intake

KW - Fetal programming

KW - Small-for-gestational-age (SGA)

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DO - 10.1017/S2040174418000910

M3 - Journal article

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SN - 2040-1744

VL - 10

SP - 488

EP - 496

JO - Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease

JF - Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease

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ER -

Being born small-for-gestational-age is associated with an unfavourable dietary intake in Danish adolescent girls: findings from the Danish National Birth Cohort

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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