Automated Bone Scan Index as a quantitative imaging biomarker in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients being treated with enzalutamide

TY - JOUR

T1 - Automated Bone Scan Index as a quantitative imaging biomarker in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients being treated with enzalutamide

AU - Anand, Aseem

AU - Morris, Michael J.

AU - Larson, Steven M

AU - Minarik, David

AU - Josefsson, Andreas

AU - Helgstrand, John T.

AU - Oturai, Peter S.

AU - Edenbrandt, Lars

AU - Røder, Martin Andreas

AU - Bjartell, Anders

PY - 2016

Y1 - 2016

N2 - Background: Having performed analytical validation studies, we are now assessing the clinical utility of the upgraded automated Bone Scan Index (BSI) in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). In the present study, we retrospectively evaluated the discriminatory strength of the automated BSI in predicting overall survival (OS) in mCRPC patients being treated with enzalutamide. Methods: Retrospectively, we included patients who received enzalutamide as a clinically approved therapy for mCRPC and had undergone bone scan prior to starting therapy. Automated BSI, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), hemoglobin (HgB), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were obtained at baseline. Change in automated BSI and PSA were obtained from patients who have had bone scan at week 12 of treatment follow-up. Automated BSI was obtained using the analytically validated EXINI BoneBSI version 2. Kendall’s tau (τ) was used to assess the correlation of BSI with other blood-based biomarkers. Concordance index (C-index) was used to evaluate the discriminating strength of automated BSI in predicting OS. Results: Eighty mCRPC patients with baseline bone scans were included in the study. There was a weak correlation of automated BSI with PSA (τ = 0.30), with HgB (τ = −0.17), and with ALP (τ = 0.56). At baseline, the automated BSI was observed to be predictive of OS (C-index 0.72, standard error (SE) 0.03). Adding automated BSI to the blood-based model significantly improved the C-index from 0.67 to 0.72, p = 0.017. Treatment follow-up bone scans were available from 62 patients. Both change in BSI and percent change in PSA were predictive of OS. However, the combined predictive model of percent PSA change and change in automated BSI (C-index 0.77) was significantly higher than that of percent PSA change alone (C-index 0.73), p = 0.041. Conclusions: The upgraded and analytically validated automated BSI was found to be a strong predictor of OS in mCRPC patients. Additionally, the change in automated BSI demonstrated an additive clinical value to the change in PSA in mCRPC patients being treated with enzalutamide.

AB - Background: Having performed analytical validation studies, we are now assessing the clinical utility of the upgraded automated Bone Scan Index (BSI) in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). In the present study, we retrospectively evaluated the discriminatory strength of the automated BSI in predicting overall survival (OS) in mCRPC patients being treated with enzalutamide. Methods: Retrospectively, we included patients who received enzalutamide as a clinically approved therapy for mCRPC and had undergone bone scan prior to starting therapy. Automated BSI, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), hemoglobin (HgB), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were obtained at baseline. Change in automated BSI and PSA were obtained from patients who have had bone scan at week 12 of treatment follow-up. Automated BSI was obtained using the analytically validated EXINI BoneBSI version 2. Kendall’s tau (τ) was used to assess the correlation of BSI with other blood-based biomarkers. Concordance index (C-index) was used to evaluate the discriminating strength of automated BSI in predicting OS. Results: Eighty mCRPC patients with baseline bone scans were included in the study. There was a weak correlation of automated BSI with PSA (τ = 0.30), with HgB (τ = −0.17), and with ALP (τ = 0.56). At baseline, the automated BSI was observed to be predictive of OS (C-index 0.72, standard error (SE) 0.03). Adding automated BSI to the blood-based model significantly improved the C-index from 0.67 to 0.72, p = 0.017. Treatment follow-up bone scans were available from 62 patients. Both change in BSI and percent change in PSA were predictive of OS. However, the combined predictive model of percent PSA change and change in automated BSI (C-index 0.77) was significantly higher than that of percent PSA change alone (C-index 0.73), p = 0.041. Conclusions: The upgraded and analytically validated automated BSI was found to be a strong predictor of OS in mCRPC patients. Additionally, the change in automated BSI demonstrated an additive clinical value to the change in PSA in mCRPC patients being treated with enzalutamide.

KW - Bone scan

KW - Bone Scan Index (BSI)

KW - Enzalutamide

KW - Imaging biomarker

KW - Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC)

U2 - 10.1186/s13550-016-0173-z

DO - 10.1186/s13550-016-0173-z

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 26960325

AN - SCOPUS:84960939017

SN - 2191-219X

VL - 6

JO - EJNMMI Research

JF - EJNMMI Research

IS - 1

M1 - 23

ER -