Associations between adiposity, hormones, and gains in height, whole-body height-adjusted bone size, and size-adjusted bone mineral content in 8- to 11-year-old children

TY - JOUR

T1 - Associations between adiposity, hormones, and gains in height, whole-body height-adjusted bone size, and size-adjusted bone mineral content in 8- to 11-year-old children

AU - Dalskov, Stine-Mathilde

AU - Ritz, Christian

AU - Larnkjær, Anni

AU - Damsgaard, Camilla Trab

AU - Petersen, Rikke Agnete

AU - Sørensen, Louise Bergmann

AU - Ong, Ken K

AU - Astrup, Arne

AU - Michaelsen, Kim F.

AU - Mølgaard, Christian

N1 - CURIS 2016 NEXS 018

PY - 2016/4/1

Y1 - 2016/4/1

N2 - Summary: We examined fat-independent associations of hormones with height and whole-body bone size and mineral content in 633 school children. IGF-1 and osteocalcin predict growth in height, while fat, osteocalcin, and in girls also, IGF-1 predict growth in bone size. Leptin and ghrelin are inversely associated with bone size in girls. Introduction: Obesity causes larger bone size and bone mass, but the role of hormones in this up-regulation of bone in obesity is not well elucidated. We examined longitudinal associations between baseline body fat mass (FM), and fat-independent fasting levels of ghrelin, adiponectin, leptin, insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1), osteocalcin, and intact parathyroid hormone, and subsequent changes in height and in whole-body height-adjusted bone area “BAheight” and size-adjusted bone mineral content “BMCsize” in 8- to 11-year-olds. Methods: Analyses were carried out separately for boys (n = 325) and girls (n = 308) including data from baseline, 3 and 6 months from OPUS School Meal Study. Results: In both sexes: gain in BAheight was positively associated with baseline FM (≥2.05 cm2/kg, both p ≤ 0.003). Furthermore, gain in height was positively associated with baseline IGF-1 (≥0.02 cm/ng/ml, p = 0.001) and osteocalcin (≥0.13 cm/ng/ml, p ≤ 0.009); and gain in BAheight was positively associated with baseline osteocalcin (≥0.35 cm2/ng/ml, p ≤ 0.019). In girls only, gain in BAheight was also positively associated with baseline IGF-1 (0.06 cm2/ng/ml, p = 0.017) and inversely associated with both baseline ghrelin (−0.01 cm2/pg/ml, p = 0.001) and leptin (−1.21 cm2/μg/ml, p = 0.005). In boys, gain in BMCsize was positively associated with osteocalcin (0.18 g/ng/ml, p = 0.030). Conclusions: This large longitudinal study suggests that in 8- to 11-year-old children, IGF-1 and osteocalcin predict growth in height, while FM, osteocalcin, and in girls also, IGF-1 predict growth in BAheight. Fat-independent inverse associations of leptin and ghrelin with BAheight in girls’ are contrary to proposed growth-stimulating effects of leptin. Osteocalcin in boys predicts gain in BMCsize.

AB - Summary: We examined fat-independent associations of hormones with height and whole-body bone size and mineral content in 633 school children. IGF-1 and osteocalcin predict growth in height, while fat, osteocalcin, and in girls also, IGF-1 predict growth in bone size. Leptin and ghrelin are inversely associated with bone size in girls. Introduction: Obesity causes larger bone size and bone mass, but the role of hormones in this up-regulation of bone in obesity is not well elucidated. We examined longitudinal associations between baseline body fat mass (FM), and fat-independent fasting levels of ghrelin, adiponectin, leptin, insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1), osteocalcin, and intact parathyroid hormone, and subsequent changes in height and in whole-body height-adjusted bone area “BAheight” and size-adjusted bone mineral content “BMCsize” in 8- to 11-year-olds. Methods: Analyses were carried out separately for boys (n = 325) and girls (n = 308) including data from baseline, 3 and 6 months from OPUS School Meal Study. Results: In both sexes: gain in BAheight was positively associated with baseline FM (≥2.05 cm2/kg, both p ≤ 0.003). Furthermore, gain in height was positively associated with baseline IGF-1 (≥0.02 cm/ng/ml, p = 0.001) and osteocalcin (≥0.13 cm/ng/ml, p ≤ 0.009); and gain in BAheight was positively associated with baseline osteocalcin (≥0.35 cm2/ng/ml, p ≤ 0.019). In girls only, gain in BAheight was also positively associated with baseline IGF-1 (0.06 cm2/ng/ml, p = 0.017) and inversely associated with both baseline ghrelin (−0.01 cm2/pg/ml, p = 0.001) and leptin (−1.21 cm2/μg/ml, p = 0.005). In boys, gain in BMCsize was positively associated with osteocalcin (0.18 g/ng/ml, p = 0.030). Conclusions: This large longitudinal study suggests that in 8- to 11-year-old children, IGF-1 and osteocalcin predict growth in height, while FM, osteocalcin, and in girls also, IGF-1 predict growth in BAheight. Fat-independent inverse associations of leptin and ghrelin with BAheight in girls’ are contrary to proposed growth-stimulating effects of leptin. Osteocalcin in boys predicts gain in BMCsize.

U2 - 10.1007/s00198-015-3428-z

DO - 10.1007/s00198-015-3428-z

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 26667245

SN - 0937-941X

VL - 27

SP - 1619

EP - 1629

JO - Osteoporosis International

JF - Osteoporosis International

IS - 4

ER -