Assessment of dietary exposure related to dietary GI and fibre intake in a nutritional metabolomic study of human urine

Lone Graasbøl Rasmussen, Hanne Winning, Francesco Savorani, Christian Ritz, Søren Balling Engelsen, Arne Astrup, Thomas Meinert Larsen, Lars Ove Dragsted

    32 Citations (Scopus)

    Abstract

    There is a need for a tool to assess dietary intake related to the habitual dietary glycaemic index (GI) and fibre in groups with large numbers of individuals. Novel metabolite-profiling techniques may be a useful approach when applied to human urine. In a long-term, controlled dietary intervention study, metabolomics were applied to assess dietary patterns. A targeted approach was used to evaluate the effects on urinary C-peptide excretion caused by the dietary treatments. Seventy-seven overweight subjects followed an 8-week low-calorie diet (LCD) and were then randomly assigned to a high-GI or low-GI diet for 6 month during which they completed 24-h urine collections at baseline (prior to the 8-week LCD) and after randomisation to the dietary intervention, at month 1, 3 and 6, respectively. Metabolite profiling in 24-h urine was performed by 1H NMR and chemometrics. Partial least squares (PLS) analysis indicated that urinary formate could discriminate between high-GI and low-GI diets (correlation coefficient r = 0.82), and this finding was confirmed statistically (P = 0.01). PLS analysis also indicated that urinary hippurate could be associated with fibre intake, but this finding was not confirmed statistically. No associations between GI and urinary C-peptide were found. Our results emphasise that application of metabolomics is useful in the assessment of dietary exposure related to dietary GI and fibre seen at group level in a nutritional metabolomic study of human urine. As our design allowed for large variations in individually selected food items, biomarkers identified at group level may be interpreted as more general and robust markers, largely not confounded with markers from single dietary factors.

    Original languageEnglish
    JournalGenes & Nutrition
    Volume7
    Issue number2
    Pages (from-to)281-293
    Number of pages13
    ISSN1555-8932
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - Apr 2012

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