Assessing the influence of mechanical ventilation on blood gases and blood pressure in rattlesnakes

Mads Frost Bertelsen; Rasmus Buchanan; Heidi Meldgaard Jensen; Cleo Ac Leite; Augusto S. Abe; Søren Saxmose Nielsen; Tobias Wang

Assessing the influence of mechanical ventilation on blood gases and blood pressure in rattlesnakes

Mads Frost Bertelsen, Rasmus Buchanan, Heidi Meldgaard Jensen, Cleo Ac Leite, Augusto S. Abe, Søren Saxmose Nielsen, Tobias Wang

8 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Objective: To characterize the impact of mechanical positive pressure ventilation on heart rate (HR), arterial blood pressure, blood gases, lactate, glucose, sodium, potassium and calcium concentrations in rattlesnakes during anesthesia and the subsequent recovery period. Study design: Prospective, randomized trial. Animals: Twenty one fasted adult South American rattlesnakes (Crotalus durissus terrificus). Methods: Snakes were anesthetized with propofol (15 mg kg^-1) intravenously, endotracheally intubated and assigned to one of four ventilation regimens: Spontaneous ventilation, or mechanical ventilation at a tidal volume of 30 mL kg^-1 at 1 breath every 90 seconds, 5 breaths minute^-1, or 15 breaths minute^-1. Arterial blood was collected from indwelling catheters at 30, 40, and 60 minutes and 2, 6, and 24 hours following induction of anesthesia and analyzed for pH, PaO₂, PaCO₂, and selected variables. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and HR were recorded at 30, 40, 60 minutes and 24 hours. Results: Spontaneous ventilation and 1 breath every 90 seconds resulted in a mild hypercapnia (PaCO₂ 22.4 ± 4.3 mmHg [3.0 ± 0.6 kPa] and 24.5 ± 1.6 mmHg [3.3 ± 0.2 kPa], respectively), 5 breaths minute^-1 resulted in normocapnia (14.2 ± 2.7 mmHg [1.9 ± 0.4 kPa]), while 15 breaths minute^-1 caused marked hypocapnia (8.2 ± 2.5 mmHg [1.1 ± 0.3 kPa]). Following recovery, blood gases of the four groups were similar from 2 hours. Anesthesia, independent of ventilation was associated with significantly elevated glucose, lactate and potassium concentrations compared to values at 24 hours (p < 0.0001). MAP increased significantly with increasing ventilation frequency (p < 0.001). HR did not vary among regimens. Conclusions and clinical relevance: Mechanical ventilation had a profound impact on blood gases and blood pressure. The results support the use of mechanical ventilation with a frequency of 1-2 breaths minute^-1 at a tidal volume of 30 mL kg^-1 during anesthesia in fasted snakes.

Original language	English
Journal	Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia
Volume	42
Issue number	4
Pages (from-to)	386-393
Number of pages	8
ISSN	1467-2987
Publication status	Published - 1 Jul 2015

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@article{6325a8af81204eaaac59ea56275f925e,

title = "Assessing the influence of mechanical ventilation on blood gases and blood pressure in rattlesnakes",

abstract = "Objective: To characterize the impact of mechanical positive pressure ventilation on heart rate (HR), arterial blood pressure, blood gases, lactate, glucose, sodium, potassium and calcium concentrations in rattlesnakes during anesthesia and the subsequent recovery period. Study design: Prospective, randomized trial. Animals: Twenty one fasted adult South American rattlesnakes (Crotalus durissus terrificus). Methods: Snakes were anesthetized with propofol (15 mg kg-1) intravenously, endotracheally intubated and assigned to one of four ventilation regimens: Spontaneous ventilation, or mechanical ventilation at a tidal volume of 30 mL kg-1 at 1 breath every 90 seconds, 5 breaths minute-1, or 15 breaths minute-1. Arterial blood was collected from indwelling catheters at 30, 40, and 60 minutes and 2, 6, and 24 hours following induction of anesthesia and analyzed for pH, PaO2, PaCO2, and selected variables. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and HR were recorded at 30, 40, 60 minutes and 24 hours. Results: Spontaneous ventilation and 1 breath every 90 seconds resulted in a mild hypercapnia (PaCO2 22.4 ± 4.3 mmHg [3.0 ± 0.6 kPa] and 24.5 ± 1.6 mmHg [3.3 ± 0.2 kPa], respectively), 5 breaths minute-1 resulted in normocapnia (14.2 ± 2.7 mmHg [1.9 ± 0.4 kPa]), while 15 breaths minute-1 caused marked hypocapnia (8.2 ± 2.5 mmHg [1.1 ± 0.3 kPa]). Following recovery, blood gases of the four groups were similar from 2 hours. Anesthesia, independent of ventilation was associated with significantly elevated glucose, lactate and potassium concentrations compared to values at 24 hours (p < 0.0001). MAP increased significantly with increasing ventilation frequency (p < 0.001). HR did not vary among regimens. Conclusions and clinical relevance: Mechanical ventilation had a profound impact on blood gases and blood pressure. The results support the use of mechanical ventilation with a frequency of 1-2 breaths minute-1 at a tidal volume of 30 mL kg-1 during anesthesia in fasted snakes.",

author = "Bertelsen, {Mads Frost} and Rasmus Buchanan and Jensen, {Heidi Meldgaard} and Leite, {Cleo Ac} and Abe, {Augusto S.} and Nielsen, {S{\o}ren Saxmose} and Tobias Wang",

note = "{\textcopyright} 2014 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and the American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia.",

year = "2015",

month = jul,

day = "1",

language = "English",

volume = "42",

pages = "386--393",

journal = "Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia",

issn = "1467-2987",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Assessing the influence of mechanical ventilation on blood gases and blood pressure in rattlesnakes

AU - Bertelsen, Mads Frost

AU - Buchanan, Rasmus

AU - Jensen, Heidi Meldgaard

AU - Leite, Cleo Ac

AU - Abe, Augusto S.

AU - Nielsen, Søren Saxmose

AU - Wang, Tobias

PY - 2015/7/1

Y1 - 2015/7/1

N2 - Objective: To characterize the impact of mechanical positive pressure ventilation on heart rate (HR), arterial blood pressure, blood gases, lactate, glucose, sodium, potassium and calcium concentrations in rattlesnakes during anesthesia and the subsequent recovery period. Study design: Prospective, randomized trial. Animals: Twenty one fasted adult South American rattlesnakes (Crotalus durissus terrificus). Methods: Snakes were anesthetized with propofol (15 mg kg-1) intravenously, endotracheally intubated and assigned to one of four ventilation regimens: Spontaneous ventilation, or mechanical ventilation at a tidal volume of 30 mL kg-1 at 1 breath every 90 seconds, 5 breaths minute-1, or 15 breaths minute-1. Arterial blood was collected from indwelling catheters at 30, 40, and 60 minutes and 2, 6, and 24 hours following induction of anesthesia and analyzed for pH, PaO2, PaCO2, and selected variables. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and HR were recorded at 30, 40, 60 minutes and 24 hours. Results: Spontaneous ventilation and 1 breath every 90 seconds resulted in a mild hypercapnia (PaCO2 22.4 ± 4.3 mmHg [3.0 ± 0.6 kPa] and 24.5 ± 1.6 mmHg [3.3 ± 0.2 kPa], respectively), 5 breaths minute-1 resulted in normocapnia (14.2 ± 2.7 mmHg [1.9 ± 0.4 kPa]), while 15 breaths minute-1 caused marked hypocapnia (8.2 ± 2.5 mmHg [1.1 ± 0.3 kPa]). Following recovery, blood gases of the four groups were similar from 2 hours. Anesthesia, independent of ventilation was associated with significantly elevated glucose, lactate and potassium concentrations compared to values at 24 hours (p < 0.0001). MAP increased significantly with increasing ventilation frequency (p < 0.001). HR did not vary among regimens. Conclusions and clinical relevance: Mechanical ventilation had a profound impact on blood gases and blood pressure. The results support the use of mechanical ventilation with a frequency of 1-2 breaths minute-1 at a tidal volume of 30 mL kg-1 during anesthesia in fasted snakes.

AB - Objective: To characterize the impact of mechanical positive pressure ventilation on heart rate (HR), arterial blood pressure, blood gases, lactate, glucose, sodium, potassium and calcium concentrations in rattlesnakes during anesthesia and the subsequent recovery period. Study design: Prospective, randomized trial. Animals: Twenty one fasted adult South American rattlesnakes (Crotalus durissus terrificus). Methods: Snakes were anesthetized with propofol (15 mg kg-1) intravenously, endotracheally intubated and assigned to one of four ventilation regimens: Spontaneous ventilation, or mechanical ventilation at a tidal volume of 30 mL kg-1 at 1 breath every 90 seconds, 5 breaths minute-1, or 15 breaths minute-1. Arterial blood was collected from indwelling catheters at 30, 40, and 60 minutes and 2, 6, and 24 hours following induction of anesthesia and analyzed for pH, PaO2, PaCO2, and selected variables. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and HR were recorded at 30, 40, 60 minutes and 24 hours. Results: Spontaneous ventilation and 1 breath every 90 seconds resulted in a mild hypercapnia (PaCO2 22.4 ± 4.3 mmHg [3.0 ± 0.6 kPa] and 24.5 ± 1.6 mmHg [3.3 ± 0.2 kPa], respectively), 5 breaths minute-1 resulted in normocapnia (14.2 ± 2.7 mmHg [1.9 ± 0.4 kPa]), while 15 breaths minute-1 caused marked hypocapnia (8.2 ± 2.5 mmHg [1.1 ± 0.3 kPa]). Following recovery, blood gases of the four groups were similar from 2 hours. Anesthesia, independent of ventilation was associated with significantly elevated glucose, lactate and potassium concentrations compared to values at 24 hours (p < 0.0001). MAP increased significantly with increasing ventilation frequency (p < 0.001). HR did not vary among regimens. Conclusions and clinical relevance: Mechanical ventilation had a profound impact on blood gases and blood pressure. The results support the use of mechanical ventilation with a frequency of 1-2 breaths minute-1 at a tidal volume of 30 mL kg-1 during anesthesia in fasted snakes.

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 25174935

SN - 1467-2987

VL - 42

SP - 386

EP - 393

JO - Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia

JF - Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia

IS - 4

ER -

Assessing the influence of mechanical ventilation on blood gases and blood pressure in rattlesnakes

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