Analysis of the cytotoxicity of hierarchical nanoporous graphenic carbon against human glioblastoma grade IV cells

TY - JOUR

T1 - Analysis of the cytotoxicity of hierarchical nanoporous graphenic carbon against human glioblastoma grade IV cells

AU - Jaworski, Sławomir

AU - Biniecka, Paulina

AU - Bugajska, Żaneta

AU - Daniluk, Karolina

AU - Dyjak, Sławomir

AU - Strojny, Barbara

AU - Kutwin, Marta

AU - Wierzbicki, Mateusz

AU - Grodzik, Marta

AU - Chwalibog, André

PY - 2017

Y1 - 2017

N2 - A newly produced hierarchical, nanoporous carbon (HNC) material is studied for the first time in a biological model. The material consists of uniform particles and is characterized by a mean diameter <150 nm, a high specific surface area of 1,000 m2/g, well-developed porosity, and high electrical conductivity. These unique properties and ability to transfer charge create a possibility of employing HNC as a moderator of tumor cell growth. As the charge of HNC may interfere with cell membranes by adhesion and by bonding with cell receptors, it may block the supply of nutrients. The interactions of HNC with the U87 cells can also lead to the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activate apoptotic mechanisms in cancer cells. The investigation was performed using U87 human glioblastoma and PCS-201–010 normal fibroblast cell lines, where cell morphology and ultrastructure, viability, ROS production, type of cell death, mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and the expression of genes engaged in apoptosis pathways are studied. The results demonstrate that cytotoxicity of HNC particles increases with concentration from 5 to 100 μg/mL by activation of apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway, without inducing necrosis. Our research indicates the potential applicability of HNC in cancer therapy.

AB - A newly produced hierarchical, nanoporous carbon (HNC) material is studied for the first time in a biological model. The material consists of uniform particles and is characterized by a mean diameter <150 nm, a high specific surface area of 1,000 m2/g, well-developed porosity, and high electrical conductivity. These unique properties and ability to transfer charge create a possibility of employing HNC as a moderator of tumor cell growth. As the charge of HNC may interfere with cell membranes by adhesion and by bonding with cell receptors, it may block the supply of nutrients. The interactions of HNC with the U87 cells can also lead to the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activate apoptotic mechanisms in cancer cells. The investigation was performed using U87 human glioblastoma and PCS-201–010 normal fibroblast cell lines, where cell morphology and ultrastructure, viability, ROS production, type of cell death, mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and the expression of genes engaged in apoptosis pathways are studied. The results demonstrate that cytotoxicity of HNC particles increases with concentration from 5 to 100 μg/mL by activation of apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway, without inducing necrosis. Our research indicates the potential applicability of HNC in cancer therapy.

KW - Fibroblast cells

KW - Glioblastoma

KW - Graphenic carbon material

KW - Nanoparticles

KW - Toxicity

KW - U87 cells

U2 - 10.2147/IJN.S135932

DO - 10.2147/IJN.S135932

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 28572728

AN - SCOPUS:85019859715

SN - 1176-9114

VL - 20147

SP - 3839

EP - 3849

JO - International Journal of Nanomedicine

JF - International Journal of Nanomedicine

IS - 12

ER -