An international multicentre study on the allergenic activity of air-oxidized R-limonene

Johanna Bråred Christensson; Klaus Andersen; Magnus Bruze; Jeanne D Johansen; Begoña Garcia-Bravo; Ana Giménez-Arnau; Chee-Leok Goh; Rosemary Nixon; Ian R White

doi:10.1111/cod.12036

An international multicentre study on the allergenic activity of air-oxidized R-limonene

Johanna Bråred Christensson, Klaus Andersen, Magnus Bruze, Jeanne D Johansen, Begoña Garcia-Bravo, Ana Giménez-Arnau, Chee-Leok Goh, Rosemary Nixon, Ian R White

46 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Background. Limonene is a common fragrance terpene that, in its pure form, is not allergenic or is a very weak allergen. However, limonene autoxidizes on air exposure, and the oxidation products can cause contact allergy. Oxidized R-limonene has previously been patch tested in multicentre studies, giving 2-3% positive patch test reactions in consecutive patients. Objectives. To investigate whether oxidized R-limonene 3.0% in petrolatum, with a stable concentration of the main haptens, limonene hydroperoxides (Lim-OOHs), could be a useful tool for the detection of contact allergy in an international setting. Methods. Oxidized R-limonene 3.0% (Lim-OOHs 0.33%) pet. was tested in 2900 consecutive dermatitis patients in Denmark, the United Kingdom, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, and Australia. Results. Overall, 5.2% (range 2.3-12.1%) of the patients showed a positive patch test reaction to oxidized R-limonene. Doubtful reactions were found in 7.0% of the patients (range 0-24%). Few irritant reactions were seen. Conclusions. Oxidized R-limonene at 3.0% pet. with a specified content of Lim-OOHs 0.33% is a standardized and useful tool for the detection of contact allergy in dermatitis patients. Many patients showing positive patch test reactions to oxidized R-limonene would not be informed of their fragrance allergy if this specific test had not been performed.

Original language	English
Book series	Contact Dermatitis. Supplement
Volume	68
Issue number	4
Pages (from-to)	214-23
Number of pages	10
ISSN	1396-6669
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1111/cod.12036
Publication status	Published - Apr 2013

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10.1111/cod.12036

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title = "An international multicentre study on the allergenic activity of air-oxidized R-limonene",

abstract = "Background. Limonene is a common fragrance terpene that, in its pure form, is not allergenic or is a very weak allergen. However, limonene autoxidizes on air exposure, and the oxidation products can cause contact allergy. Oxidized R-limonene has previously been patch tested in multicentre studies, giving 2-3% positive patch test reactions in consecutive patients. Objectives. To investigate whether oxidized R-limonene 3.0% in petrolatum, with a stable concentration of the main haptens, limonene hydroperoxides (Lim-OOHs), could be a useful tool for the detection of contact allergy in an international setting. Methods. Oxidized R-limonene 3.0% (Lim-OOHs 0.33%) pet. was tested in 2900 consecutive dermatitis patients in Denmark, the United Kingdom, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, and Australia. Results. Overall, 5.2% (range 2.3-12.1%) of the patients showed a positive patch test reaction to oxidized R-limonene. Doubtful reactions were found in 7.0% of the patients (range 0-24%). Few irritant reactions were seen. Conclusions. Oxidized R-limonene at 3.0% pet. with a specified content of Lim-OOHs 0.33% is a standardized and useful tool for the detection of contact allergy in dermatitis patients. Many patients showing positive patch test reactions to oxidized R-limonene would not be informed of their fragrance allergy if this specific test had not been performed.",

author = "{Br{\aa}red Christensson}, Johanna and Klaus Andersen and Magnus Bruze and Johansen, {Jeanne D} and Bego{\~n}a Garcia-Bravo and Ana Gim{\'e}nez-Arnau and Chee-Leok Goh and Rosemary Nixon and White, {Ian R}",

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doi = "10.1111/cod.12036",

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T1 - An international multicentre study on the allergenic activity of air-oxidized R-limonene

AU - Bråred Christensson, Johanna

AU - Andersen, Klaus

AU - Bruze, Magnus

AU - Johansen, Jeanne D

AU - Garcia-Bravo, Begoña

AU - Giménez-Arnau, Ana

AU - Goh, Chee-Leok

AU - Nixon, Rosemary

AU - White, Ian R

PY - 2013/4

Y1 - 2013/4

N2 - Background. Limonene is a common fragrance terpene that, in its pure form, is not allergenic or is a very weak allergen. However, limonene autoxidizes on air exposure, and the oxidation products can cause contact allergy. Oxidized R-limonene has previously been patch tested in multicentre studies, giving 2-3% positive patch test reactions in consecutive patients. Objectives. To investigate whether oxidized R-limonene 3.0% in petrolatum, with a stable concentration of the main haptens, limonene hydroperoxides (Lim-OOHs), could be a useful tool for the detection of contact allergy in an international setting. Methods. Oxidized R-limonene 3.0% (Lim-OOHs 0.33%) pet. was tested in 2900 consecutive dermatitis patients in Denmark, the United Kingdom, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, and Australia. Results. Overall, 5.2% (range 2.3-12.1%) of the patients showed a positive patch test reaction to oxidized R-limonene. Doubtful reactions were found in 7.0% of the patients (range 0-24%). Few irritant reactions were seen. Conclusions. Oxidized R-limonene at 3.0% pet. with a specified content of Lim-OOHs 0.33% is a standardized and useful tool for the detection of contact allergy in dermatitis patients. Many patients showing positive patch test reactions to oxidized R-limonene would not be informed of their fragrance allergy if this specific test had not been performed.

AB - Background. Limonene is a common fragrance terpene that, in its pure form, is not allergenic or is a very weak allergen. However, limonene autoxidizes on air exposure, and the oxidation products can cause contact allergy. Oxidized R-limonene has previously been patch tested in multicentre studies, giving 2-3% positive patch test reactions in consecutive patients. Objectives. To investigate whether oxidized R-limonene 3.0% in petrolatum, with a stable concentration of the main haptens, limonene hydroperoxides (Lim-OOHs), could be a useful tool for the detection of contact allergy in an international setting. Methods. Oxidized R-limonene 3.0% (Lim-OOHs 0.33%) pet. was tested in 2900 consecutive dermatitis patients in Denmark, the United Kingdom, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, and Australia. Results. Overall, 5.2% (range 2.3-12.1%) of the patients showed a positive patch test reaction to oxidized R-limonene. Doubtful reactions were found in 7.0% of the patients (range 0-24%). Few irritant reactions were seen. Conclusions. Oxidized R-limonene at 3.0% pet. with a specified content of Lim-OOHs 0.33% is a standardized and useful tool for the detection of contact allergy in dermatitis patients. Many patients showing positive patch test reactions to oxidized R-limonene would not be informed of their fragrance allergy if this specific test had not been performed.

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DO - 10.1111/cod.12036

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VL - 68

SP - 214

EP - 223

JO - Contact Dermatitis. Supplement

JF - Contact Dermatitis. Supplement

IS - 4

ER -

An international multicentre study on the allergenic activity of air-oxidized R-limonene

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