Amino acid containing thapsigargin analogues deplete androgen receptor protein via synthesis inhibition and induce the death of prostate cancer cells

Donald J Vander Griend; Lizamma Antony; Susan L Dalrymple; Yi Xu; Søren Brøgger Christensen; Samuel R Denmeade; John T Isaacs

doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-08-1136

Amino acid containing thapsigargin analogues deplete androgen receptor protein via synthesis inhibition and induce the death of prostate cancer cells

Donald J Vander Griend, Lizamma Antony, Susan L Dalrymple, Yi Xu, Søren Brøgger Christensen, Samuel R Denmeade, John T Isaacs

31 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

There are quantitative and/or qualitative mechanisms allowing androgen receptor (AR) growth signaling in androgen ablation refractory prostate cancer cells. Regardless of the mechanism, agents that deplete AR protein expression prevent such AR growth signaling. Thapsigargin (TG) is a highly cell-penetrant sequiterpene-lactone that once inside cells inhibits (IC(50), approximately 10 nmol/L) critically important housekeeping SERCA 2b calcium pumps in the endoplasmic reticulum. Using a series of five genetically diverse androgen ablation refractory human prostate cancer lines (LNCaP, LAPC-4, VCaP, MDA-PCa-2b, and CWR22Rv1), TG inhibition of SERCA pumps consistently results in depletion of the endoplasmic reticulum Ca(+2) coupled with mumol/L elevation in the intracellular free Ca(+2) initiating a molecular cascade that: (a) inhibits Cap-dependent AR protein synthesis resulting in 90% depletion of AR protein by 24 hours of TG exposure, (b) arrests the cells in G(0), and (c) induces their apoptotic death. Unfortunately, due to its highly lipophilic nature, TG is not deliverable as a systemic agent without host toxicity. Therefore, TG analogues containing amino acids were developed, which retain ability to deplete AR protein and induce cell death and which can be covalently linked to peptide carriers producing water soluble prodrugs for systemic delivery. Specific amino acid sequences are used to restrict the liberation of cytotoxic amino acid containing TG analogues from the peptide prodrug by prostate-specific proteases, such as prostate-specific antigen and prostate-specific membrane antigen, or cancer-specific proteases, such as fibroblast activation protein, so that toxicity of these prodrugs is selectively targeted to metastatic sites of prostate cancer. Based on these results, these prodrugs are undergoing clinical development. [Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(5):1340-9].

Original language	English
Journal	Molecular Cancer Therapeutics
Volume	8
Issue number	5
Pages (from-to)	1340-1349
ISSN	1535-7163
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-08-1136
Publication status	Published - 2009

Keywords

Former Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-08-1136

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Amino acid containing thapsigargin analogues deplete androgen receptor protein via synthesis inhibition and induce the death of prostate cancer cells. / Griend, Donald J Vander; Antony, Lizamma; Dalrymple, Susan L et al.
In: Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, Vol. 8, No. 5, 2009, p. 1340-1349.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

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title = "Amino acid containing thapsigargin analogues deplete androgen receptor protein via synthesis inhibition and induce the death of prostate cancer cells",

abstract = "There are quantitative and/or qualitative mechanisms allowing androgen receptor (AR) growth signaling in androgen ablation refractory prostate cancer cells. Regardless of the mechanism, agents that deplete AR protein expression prevent such AR growth signaling. Thapsigargin (TG) is a highly cell-penetrant sequiterpene-lactone that once inside cells inhibits (IC(50), approximately 10 nmol/L) critically important housekeeping SERCA 2b calcium pumps in the endoplasmic reticulum. Using a series of five genetically diverse androgen ablation refractory human prostate cancer lines (LNCaP, LAPC-4, VCaP, MDA-PCa-2b, and CWR22Rv1), TG inhibition of SERCA pumps consistently results in depletion of the endoplasmic reticulum Ca(+2) coupled with mumol/L elevation in the intracellular free Ca(+2) initiating a molecular cascade that: (a) inhibits Cap-dependent AR protein synthesis resulting in 90% depletion of AR protein by 24 hours of TG exposure, (b) arrests the cells in G(0), and (c) induces their apoptotic death. Unfortunately, due to its highly lipophilic nature, TG is not deliverable as a systemic agent without host toxicity. Therefore, TG analogues containing amino acids were developed, which retain ability to deplete AR protein and induce cell death and which can be covalently linked to peptide carriers producing water soluble prodrugs for systemic delivery. Specific amino acid sequences are used to restrict the liberation of cytotoxic amino acid containing TG analogues from the peptide prodrug by prostate-specific proteases, such as prostate-specific antigen and prostate-specific membrane antigen, or cancer-specific proteases, such as fibroblast activation protein, so that toxicity of these prodrugs is selectively targeted to metastatic sites of prostate cancer. Based on these results, these prodrugs are undergoing clinical development. [Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(5):1340-9].",

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author = "Griend, {Donald J Vander} and Lizamma Antony and Dalrymple, {Susan L} and Yi Xu and Christensen, {S{\o}ren Br{\o}gger} and Denmeade, {Samuel R} and Isaacs, {John T}",

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doi = "10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-08-1136",

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AU - Griend, Donald J Vander

AU - Antony, Lizamma

AU - Dalrymple, Susan L

AU - Xu, Yi

AU - Christensen, Søren Brøgger

AU - Denmeade, Samuel R

AU - Isaacs, John T

PY - 2009

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N2 - There are quantitative and/or qualitative mechanisms allowing androgen receptor (AR) growth signaling in androgen ablation refractory prostate cancer cells. Regardless of the mechanism, agents that deplete AR protein expression prevent such AR growth signaling. Thapsigargin (TG) is a highly cell-penetrant sequiterpene-lactone that once inside cells inhibits (IC(50), approximately 10 nmol/L) critically important housekeeping SERCA 2b calcium pumps in the endoplasmic reticulum. Using a series of five genetically diverse androgen ablation refractory human prostate cancer lines (LNCaP, LAPC-4, VCaP, MDA-PCa-2b, and CWR22Rv1), TG inhibition of SERCA pumps consistently results in depletion of the endoplasmic reticulum Ca(+2) coupled with mumol/L elevation in the intracellular free Ca(+2) initiating a molecular cascade that: (a) inhibits Cap-dependent AR protein synthesis resulting in 90% depletion of AR protein by 24 hours of TG exposure, (b) arrests the cells in G(0), and (c) induces their apoptotic death. Unfortunately, due to its highly lipophilic nature, TG is not deliverable as a systemic agent without host toxicity. Therefore, TG analogues containing amino acids were developed, which retain ability to deplete AR protein and induce cell death and which can be covalently linked to peptide carriers producing water soluble prodrugs for systemic delivery. Specific amino acid sequences are used to restrict the liberation of cytotoxic amino acid containing TG analogues from the peptide prodrug by prostate-specific proteases, such as prostate-specific antigen and prostate-specific membrane antigen, or cancer-specific proteases, such as fibroblast activation protein, so that toxicity of these prodrugs is selectively targeted to metastatic sites of prostate cancer. Based on these results, these prodrugs are undergoing clinical development. [Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(5):1340-9].

AB - There are quantitative and/or qualitative mechanisms allowing androgen receptor (AR) growth signaling in androgen ablation refractory prostate cancer cells. Regardless of the mechanism, agents that deplete AR protein expression prevent such AR growth signaling. Thapsigargin (TG) is a highly cell-penetrant sequiterpene-lactone that once inside cells inhibits (IC(50), approximately 10 nmol/L) critically important housekeeping SERCA 2b calcium pumps in the endoplasmic reticulum. Using a series of five genetically diverse androgen ablation refractory human prostate cancer lines (LNCaP, LAPC-4, VCaP, MDA-PCa-2b, and CWR22Rv1), TG inhibition of SERCA pumps consistently results in depletion of the endoplasmic reticulum Ca(+2) coupled with mumol/L elevation in the intracellular free Ca(+2) initiating a molecular cascade that: (a) inhibits Cap-dependent AR protein synthesis resulting in 90% depletion of AR protein by 24 hours of TG exposure, (b) arrests the cells in G(0), and (c) induces their apoptotic death. Unfortunately, due to its highly lipophilic nature, TG is not deliverable as a systemic agent without host toxicity. Therefore, TG analogues containing amino acids were developed, which retain ability to deplete AR protein and induce cell death and which can be covalently linked to peptide carriers producing water soluble prodrugs for systemic delivery. Specific amino acid sequences are used to restrict the liberation of cytotoxic amino acid containing TG analogues from the peptide prodrug by prostate-specific proteases, such as prostate-specific antigen and prostate-specific membrane antigen, or cancer-specific proteases, such as fibroblast activation protein, so that toxicity of these prodrugs is selectively targeted to metastatic sites of prostate cancer. Based on these results, these prodrugs are undergoing clinical development. [Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(5):1340-9].

KW - Former Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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SN - 1535-7163

VL - 8

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EP - 1349

JO - Molecular Cancer Therapeutics

JF - Molecular Cancer Therapeutics

IS - 5

ER -

Amino acid containing thapsigargin analogues deplete androgen receptor protein via synthesis inhibition and induce the death of prostate cancer cells

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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