Ambient air pollution and primary liver cancer incidence in four European cohorts within the ESCAPE project

Marie Pedersen; Zorana J. Andersen; Massimo Stafoggia; Gudrun Weinmayr; Claudia Galassi; Mette Sørensen; Kirsten T. Eriksen; Anne Tjønneland; Steffen Loft; Andrea Jaensch; Gabriele Nagel; Hans Concin; Ming-yi Tsai; Sara Grioni; Alessandro Marcon; Vittorio Krogh; Fulvio Ricceri; Carlotta Sacerdote; Andrea Ranzi; Ranjeet Sokhi; Roel Vermeulen; Kees De Hoogh; Meng Wang; Rob Beelen; Paolo Vineis; Bert Brunekreef; Gerard Hoek; Ole Raaschou-Nielsen

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2017.01.006

Ambient air pollution and primary liver cancer incidence in four European cohorts within the ESCAPE project

Marie Pedersen, Zorana J. Andersen, Massimo Stafoggia, Gudrun Weinmayr, Claudia Galassi, Mette Sørensen, Kirsten T. Eriksen, Anne Tjønneland, Steffen Loft, Andrea Jaensch, Gabriele Nagel, Hans Concin, Ming-yi Tsai, Sara Grioni, Alessandro Marcon, Vittorio Krogh, Fulvio Ricceri, Carlotta Sacerdote, Andrea Ranzi, Ranjeet SokhiRoel Vermeulen, Kees De Hoogh, Meng Wang, Rob Beelen, Paolo Vineis, Bert Brunekreef, Gerard Hoek, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen

41 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Background Tobacco smoke exposure increases the risk of cancer in the liver, but little is known about the possible risk associated with exposure to ambient air pollution. Objectives We evaluated the association between residential exposure to air pollution and primary liver cancer incidence. Methods We obtained data from four cohorts with enrolment during 1985–2005 in Denmark, Austria and Italy. Exposure to nitrogen oxides (NO₂and NO_X), particulate matter (PM) with diameter of less than 10 µm (PM₁₀), less than 2.5 µm (PM_2.5), between 2.5 and 10 µm (PM_2.5–10) and PM_{2.5 absorbance}(soot) at baseline home addresses were estimated using land-use regression models from the ESCAPE project. We also investigated traffic density on the nearest road. We used Cox proportional-hazards models with adjustment for potential confounders for cohort-specific analyses and random-effects meta-analyses to estimate summary hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Out of 174,770 included participants, 279 liver cancer cases were diagnosed during a mean follow-up of 17 years. In each cohort, HRs above one were observed for all exposures with exception of PM_{2.5 absorbance}and traffic density. In the meta-analysis, all exposures were associated with elevated HRs, but none of the associations reached statistical significance. The summary HR associated with a 10-μg/m³increase in NO₂was 1.10 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.93, 1.30) and 1.34 (95% CI: 0.76, 2.35) for a 5-μg/m³increase in PM_2.5. Conclusions The results provide suggestive evidence that ambient air pollution may increase the risk of liver cancer. Confidence intervals for associations with NO₂and NO_Xwere narrower than for the other exposures.

Original language	English
Journal	Environmental Research
Volume	154
Pages (from-to)	226-233
Number of pages	8
ISSN	0013-9351
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.01.006
Publication status	Published - Apr 2017

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Pedersen, M., Andersen, Z. J., Stafoggia, M., Weinmayr, G., Galassi, C., Sørensen, M., Eriksen, K. T., Tjønneland, A., Loft, S., Jaensch, A., Nagel, G., Concin, H., Tsai, M., Grioni, S., Marcon, A., Krogh, V., Ricceri, F., Sacerdote, C., Ranzi, A., ... Raaschou-Nielsen, O. (2017). Ambient air pollution and primary liver cancer incidence in four European cohorts within the ESCAPE project. Environmental Research, 154, 226-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.01.006

Pedersen, M , Andersen, ZJ, Stafoggia, M, Weinmayr, G, Galassi, C, Sørensen, M, Eriksen, KT, Tjønneland, A , Loft, S, Jaensch, A, Nagel, G, Concin, H, Tsai, M, Grioni, S, Marcon, A, Krogh, V, Ricceri, F, Sacerdote, C, Ranzi, A, Sokhi, R, Vermeulen, R, Hoogh, KD, Wang, M, Beelen, R, Vineis, P, Brunekreef, B, Hoek, G & Raaschou-Nielsen, O 2017, 'Ambient air pollution and primary liver cancer incidence in four European cohorts within the ESCAPE project', Environmental Research, vol. 154, pp. 226-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.01.006

@article{41df3f72de8b481fa2c25cfc3255a716,

title = "Ambient air pollution and primary liver cancer incidence in four European cohorts within the ESCAPE project",

abstract = "Background Tobacco smoke exposure increases the risk of cancer in the liver, but little is known about the possible risk associated with exposure to ambient air pollution. Objectives We evaluated the association between residential exposure to air pollution and primary liver cancer incidence. Methods We obtained data from four cohorts with enrolment during 1985–2005 in Denmark, Austria and Italy. Exposure to nitrogen oxides (NO2and NOX), particulate matter (PM) with diameter of less than 10 µm (PM10), less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5), between 2.5 and 10 µm (PM2.5–10) and PM2.5 absorbance(soot) at baseline home addresses were estimated using land-use regression models from the ESCAPE project. We also investigated traffic density on the nearest road. We used Cox proportional-hazards models with adjustment for potential confounders for cohort-specific analyses and random-effects meta-analyses to estimate summary hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Out of 174,770 included participants, 279 liver cancer cases were diagnosed during a mean follow-up of 17 years. In each cohort, HRs above one were observed for all exposures with exception of PM2.5 absorbanceand traffic density. In the meta-analysis, all exposures were associated with elevated HRs, but none of the associations reached statistical significance. The summary HR associated with a 10-μg/m3increase in NO2was 1.10 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.93, 1.30) and 1.34 (95% CI: 0.76, 2.35) for a 5-μg/m3increase in PM2.5. Conclusions The results provide suggestive evidence that ambient air pollution may increase the risk of liver cancer. Confidence intervals for associations with NO2and NOXwere narrower than for the other exposures.",

author = "Marie Pedersen and Andersen, {Zorana J.} and Massimo Stafoggia and Gudrun Weinmayr and Claudia Galassi and Mette S{\o}rensen and Eriksen, {Kirsten T.} and Anne Tj{\o}nneland and Steffen Loft and Andrea Jaensch and Gabriele Nagel and Hans Concin and Ming-yi Tsai and Sara Grioni and Alessandro Marcon and Vittorio Krogh and Fulvio Ricceri and Carlotta Sacerdote and Andrea Ranzi and Ranjeet Sokhi and Roel Vermeulen and Hoogh, {Kees De} and Meng Wang and Rob Beelen and Paolo Vineis and Bert Brunekreef and Gerard Hoek and Ole Raaschou-Nielsen",

year = "2017",

month = apr,

doi = "10.1016/j.envres.2017.01.006",

language = "English",

volume = "154",

pages = "226--233",

journal = "Environmental Research",

issn = "0013-9351",

publisher = "Academic Press",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Ambient air pollution and primary liver cancer incidence in four European cohorts within the ESCAPE project

AU - Pedersen, Marie

AU - Andersen, Zorana J.

AU - Stafoggia, Massimo

AU - Weinmayr, Gudrun

AU - Galassi, Claudia

AU - Sørensen, Mette

AU - Eriksen, Kirsten T.

AU - Tjønneland, Anne

AU - Loft, Steffen

AU - Jaensch, Andrea

AU - Nagel, Gabriele

AU - Concin, Hans

AU - Tsai, Ming-yi

AU - Grioni, Sara

AU - Marcon, Alessandro

AU - Krogh, Vittorio

AU - Ricceri, Fulvio

AU - Sacerdote, Carlotta

AU - Ranzi, Andrea

AU - Sokhi, Ranjeet

AU - Vermeulen, Roel

AU - Hoogh, Kees De

AU - Wang, Meng

AU - Beelen, Rob

AU - Vineis, Paolo

AU - Brunekreef, Bert

AU - Hoek, Gerard

AU - Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole

PY - 2017/4

Y1 - 2017/4

N2 - Background Tobacco smoke exposure increases the risk of cancer in the liver, but little is known about the possible risk associated with exposure to ambient air pollution. Objectives We evaluated the association between residential exposure to air pollution and primary liver cancer incidence. Methods We obtained data from four cohorts with enrolment during 1985–2005 in Denmark, Austria and Italy. Exposure to nitrogen oxides (NO2and NOX), particulate matter (PM) with diameter of less than 10 µm (PM10), less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5), between 2.5 and 10 µm (PM2.5–10) and PM2.5 absorbance(soot) at baseline home addresses were estimated using land-use regression models from the ESCAPE project. We also investigated traffic density on the nearest road. We used Cox proportional-hazards models with adjustment for potential confounders for cohort-specific analyses and random-effects meta-analyses to estimate summary hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Out of 174,770 included participants, 279 liver cancer cases were diagnosed during a mean follow-up of 17 years. In each cohort, HRs above one were observed for all exposures with exception of PM2.5 absorbanceand traffic density. In the meta-analysis, all exposures were associated with elevated HRs, but none of the associations reached statistical significance. The summary HR associated with a 10-μg/m3increase in NO2was 1.10 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.93, 1.30) and 1.34 (95% CI: 0.76, 2.35) for a 5-μg/m3increase in PM2.5. Conclusions The results provide suggestive evidence that ambient air pollution may increase the risk of liver cancer. Confidence intervals for associations with NO2and NOXwere narrower than for the other exposures.

AB - Background Tobacco smoke exposure increases the risk of cancer in the liver, but little is known about the possible risk associated with exposure to ambient air pollution. Objectives We evaluated the association between residential exposure to air pollution and primary liver cancer incidence. Methods We obtained data from four cohorts with enrolment during 1985–2005 in Denmark, Austria and Italy. Exposure to nitrogen oxides (NO2and NOX), particulate matter (PM) with diameter of less than 10 µm (PM10), less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5), between 2.5 and 10 µm (PM2.5–10) and PM2.5 absorbance(soot) at baseline home addresses were estimated using land-use regression models from the ESCAPE project. We also investigated traffic density on the nearest road. We used Cox proportional-hazards models with adjustment for potential confounders for cohort-specific analyses and random-effects meta-analyses to estimate summary hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Out of 174,770 included participants, 279 liver cancer cases were diagnosed during a mean follow-up of 17 years. In each cohort, HRs above one were observed for all exposures with exception of PM2.5 absorbanceand traffic density. In the meta-analysis, all exposures were associated with elevated HRs, but none of the associations reached statistical significance. The summary HR associated with a 10-μg/m3increase in NO2was 1.10 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.93, 1.30) and 1.34 (95% CI: 0.76, 2.35) for a 5-μg/m3increase in PM2.5. Conclusions The results provide suggestive evidence that ambient air pollution may increase the risk of liver cancer. Confidence intervals for associations with NO2and NOXwere narrower than for the other exposures.

U2 - 10.1016/j.envres.2017.01.006

DO - 10.1016/j.envres.2017.01.006

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 28107740

SN - 0013-9351

VL - 154

SP - 226

EP - 233

JO - Environmental Research

JF - Environmental Research

ER -

Ambient air pollution and primary liver cancer incidence in four European cohorts within the ESCAPE project

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