Altitudinal distribution limits of aquatic macroinvertebrates: an experimental test in a tropical alpine stream

Philip B. Madsen; Andrés Morabowen; Patricio Andino; Rodrigo Espinosa; Sophie Cauvy-Fraunié; Olivier Dangles; Dean Jacobsen

doi:10.1111/een.12232

Altitudinal distribution limits of aquatic macroinvertebrates: an experimental test in a tropical alpine stream

Philip B. Madsen, Andrés Morabowen, Patricio Andino, Rodrigo Espinosa, Sophie Cauvy-Fraunié, Olivier Dangles, Dean Jacobsen^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Freshwater Biology

21 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

1. Temperature and oxygen are recognised as the main drivers of altitudinal limits of species distributions. However, the two factors are linked, and both decrease with altitude, why their effects are difficult to disentangle. 2. This was experimentally addressed using aquatic macroinvertebrates; larvae of Andesiops (Ephemeroptera), Claudioperla, (Plecoptera), Scirtes (Coleoptera) and Anomalocosmoecus (Trichoptera), and the amphipod Hyalella in an Ecuadorian glacier-fed stream (4100-4500ma.s.l.). The following were performed: (i) quantitative benthic sampling at three sites to determine altitudinal patterns in population densities, (ii) transplants of the five taxa upstream of their natural altitudinal limit to test the short-term (14days) effect on survival, and (iii) in situ experiments of locomotory activity as a proxy for animal response to relatively small differences in temperature (5°C vs. 10°C) and oxygen saturation (55% vs. 62%). 3. The transplant experiment reduced survival to a varying degree among taxa, but Claudioperla survived well at a site where it did not naturally occur. In the in situ experiment, Scirtes and Hyalella decreased their activity at lower oxygen saturation, whereas Andesiops and Anomalocosmoecus did so at a low temperature. The decrease in activity from a high to a low temperature and oxygen for the five taxa was significantly correlated with their mortality in the transplant experiment. 4. Together the present experiments indicate that even relatively small differences in temperature and oxygen may produce effects explaining ecological patterns, and depending on the taxon, either water temperature or oxygen saturation, without clear interacting effects, are important drivers of altitudinal limits.

Original language	English
Journal	Ecological Entomology
Volume	40
Issue number	5
Pages (from-to)	629-638
Number of pages	10
ISSN	0307-6946
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1111/een.12232
Publication status	Published - 1 Oct 2015

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@article{89424fbb232b430c9908d0c37e9baf90,

title = "Altitudinal distribution limits of aquatic macroinvertebrates: an experimental test in a tropical alpine stream",

abstract = "1. Temperature and oxygen are recognised as the main drivers of altitudinal limits of species distributions. However, the two factors are linked, and both decrease with altitude, why their effects are difficult to disentangle. 2. This was experimentally addressed using aquatic macroinvertebrates; larvae of Andesiops (Ephemeroptera), Claudioperla, (Plecoptera), Scirtes (Coleoptera) and Anomalocosmoecus (Trichoptera), and the amphipod Hyalella in an Ecuadorian glacier-fed stream (4100-4500ma.s.l.). The following were performed: (i) quantitative benthic sampling at three sites to determine altitudinal patterns in population densities, (ii) transplants of the five taxa upstream of their natural altitudinal limit to test the short-term (14days) effect on survival, and (iii) in situ experiments of locomotory activity as a proxy for animal response to relatively small differences in temperature (5°C vs. 10°C) and oxygen saturation (55% vs. 62%). 3. The transplant experiment reduced survival to a varying degree among taxa, but Claudioperla survived well at a site where it did not naturally occur. In the in situ experiment, Scirtes and Hyalella decreased their activity at lower oxygen saturation, whereas Andesiops and Anomalocosmoecus did so at a low temperature. The decrease in activity from a high to a low temperature and oxygen for the five taxa was significantly correlated with their mortality in the transplant experiment. 4. Together the present experiments indicate that even relatively small differences in temperature and oxygen may produce effects explaining ecological patterns, and depending on the taxon, either water temperature or oxygen saturation, without clear interacting effects, are important drivers of altitudinal limits.",

keywords = "Benthic macroinvertebrates, Ecuadorian High Andes, Glacier-fed stream, Locomotory activity, Oxygen saturation, Survival, Temperature, Transplantation",

author = "Madsen, {Philip B.} and Andr{\'e}s Morabowen and Patricio Andino and Rodrigo Espinosa and Sophie Cauvy-Frauni{\'e} and Olivier Dangles and Dean Jacobsen",

year = "2015",

month = oct,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1111/een.12232",

language = "English",

volume = "40",

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journal = "Ecological Entomology",

issn = "0307-6946",

publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Altitudinal distribution limits of aquatic macroinvertebrates

T2 - an experimental test in a tropical alpine stream

AU - Madsen, Philip B.

AU - Morabowen, Andrés

AU - Andino, Patricio

AU - Espinosa, Rodrigo

AU - Cauvy-Fraunié, Sophie

AU - Dangles, Olivier

AU - Jacobsen, Dean

PY - 2015/10/1

Y1 - 2015/10/1

N2 - 1. Temperature and oxygen are recognised as the main drivers of altitudinal limits of species distributions. However, the two factors are linked, and both decrease with altitude, why their effects are difficult to disentangle. 2. This was experimentally addressed using aquatic macroinvertebrates; larvae of Andesiops (Ephemeroptera), Claudioperla, (Plecoptera), Scirtes (Coleoptera) and Anomalocosmoecus (Trichoptera), and the amphipod Hyalella in an Ecuadorian glacier-fed stream (4100-4500ma.s.l.). The following were performed: (i) quantitative benthic sampling at three sites to determine altitudinal patterns in population densities, (ii) transplants of the five taxa upstream of their natural altitudinal limit to test the short-term (14days) effect on survival, and (iii) in situ experiments of locomotory activity as a proxy for animal response to relatively small differences in temperature (5°C vs. 10°C) and oxygen saturation (55% vs. 62%). 3. The transplant experiment reduced survival to a varying degree among taxa, but Claudioperla survived well at a site where it did not naturally occur. In the in situ experiment, Scirtes and Hyalella decreased their activity at lower oxygen saturation, whereas Andesiops and Anomalocosmoecus did so at a low temperature. The decrease in activity from a high to a low temperature and oxygen for the five taxa was significantly correlated with their mortality in the transplant experiment. 4. Together the present experiments indicate that even relatively small differences in temperature and oxygen may produce effects explaining ecological patterns, and depending on the taxon, either water temperature or oxygen saturation, without clear interacting effects, are important drivers of altitudinal limits.

AB - 1. Temperature and oxygen are recognised as the main drivers of altitudinal limits of species distributions. However, the two factors are linked, and both decrease with altitude, why their effects are difficult to disentangle. 2. This was experimentally addressed using aquatic macroinvertebrates; larvae of Andesiops (Ephemeroptera), Claudioperla, (Plecoptera), Scirtes (Coleoptera) and Anomalocosmoecus (Trichoptera), and the amphipod Hyalella in an Ecuadorian glacier-fed stream (4100-4500ma.s.l.). The following were performed: (i) quantitative benthic sampling at three sites to determine altitudinal patterns in population densities, (ii) transplants of the five taxa upstream of their natural altitudinal limit to test the short-term (14days) effect on survival, and (iii) in situ experiments of locomotory activity as a proxy for animal response to relatively small differences in temperature (5°C vs. 10°C) and oxygen saturation (55% vs. 62%). 3. The transplant experiment reduced survival to a varying degree among taxa, but Claudioperla survived well at a site where it did not naturally occur. In the in situ experiment, Scirtes and Hyalella decreased their activity at lower oxygen saturation, whereas Andesiops and Anomalocosmoecus did so at a low temperature. The decrease in activity from a high to a low temperature and oxygen for the five taxa was significantly correlated with their mortality in the transplant experiment. 4. Together the present experiments indicate that even relatively small differences in temperature and oxygen may produce effects explaining ecological patterns, and depending on the taxon, either water temperature or oxygen saturation, without clear interacting effects, are important drivers of altitudinal limits.

KW - Benthic macroinvertebrates

KW - Ecuadorian High Andes

KW - Glacier-fed stream

KW - Locomotory activity

KW - Oxygen saturation

KW - Survival

KW - Temperature

KW - Transplantation

U2 - 10.1111/een.12232

DO - 10.1111/een.12232

M3 - Journal article

SN - 0307-6946

VL - 40

SP - 629

EP - 638

JO - Ecological Entomology

JF - Ecological Entomology

IS - 5

ER -

Altitudinal distribution limits of aquatic macroinvertebrates: an experimental test in a tropical alpine stream

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