All IncP-1 plasmid subgroups, including the novel e subgroup, are prevalent in the influent of a Danish wastewater treatment plant

TY - JOUR

T1 - All IncP-1 plasmid subgroups, including the novel e subgroup, are prevalent in the influent of a Danish wastewater treatment plant

AU - Bahl, Martin Iain

AU - Burmølle, Mette

AU - Meisner, Annelein

AU - Hansen, Lars H.

AU - Sørensen, Søren Johannes

N1 - Keywords: IncP-1; Plasmid; PCR; Phylogeny; Wastewater

PY - 2009

Y1 - 2009

N2 - The presence and diversity of IncP-1 plasmids in the influent of a Danish wastewater treatment plant was studied by PCR amplification of the trfA gene in community DNA followed by sequencing. Three sets of PCR primers were designed to amplify a 281 bp fragment of trfA from all currently sequenced IncP-1 plasmids. A neighbor-joining tree, based on a multiple alignment of 72 obtained sequences together with homologous sequences of previously published IncP-1 plasmids, revealed that all established subgroups of IncP-1 plasmids, a, ß, ¿ and d, were present in the wastewater treatment plant influent. Also sequences representing the recently described fifth subgroup, the e subgroup, were detected in the wastewater. Thus, these results confirm the presence of at least five phylogenetically distinct subgroups of IncP-1 plasmids and represent the first time that sequences associated with plasmids of all of these five subgroups have been detected in a single setting. Additionally, the results confirm that wastewater constitutes a reservoir for the conjugative IncP-1 plasmids, which often harbor multiple antibiotic resistance genes.

AB - The presence and diversity of IncP-1 plasmids in the influent of a Danish wastewater treatment plant was studied by PCR amplification of the trfA gene in community DNA followed by sequencing. Three sets of PCR primers were designed to amplify a 281 bp fragment of trfA from all currently sequenced IncP-1 plasmids. A neighbor-joining tree, based on a multiple alignment of 72 obtained sequences together with homologous sequences of previously published IncP-1 plasmids, revealed that all established subgroups of IncP-1 plasmids, a, ß, ¿ and d, were present in the wastewater treatment plant influent. Also sequences representing the recently described fifth subgroup, the e subgroup, were detected in the wastewater. Thus, these results confirm the presence of at least five phylogenetically distinct subgroups of IncP-1 plasmids and represent the first time that sequences associated with plasmids of all of these five subgroups have been detected in a single setting. Additionally, the results confirm that wastewater constitutes a reservoir for the conjugative IncP-1 plasmids, which often harbor multiple antibiotic resistance genes.

U2 - 10.1016/j.plasmid.2009.05.004

DO - 10.1016/j.plasmid.2009.05.004

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 19501117

SN - 0147-619X

VL - 62

SP - 134

EP - 139

JO - Plasmid

JF - Plasmid

IS - 2

ER -