Acute hypoxia and hypoxic exercise induce DNA strand breaks and oxidative DNA damage in humans

TY - JOUR

T1 - Acute hypoxia and hypoxic exercise induce DNA strand breaks and oxidative DNA damage in humans

AU - Møller, P

AU - Loft, S

AU - Lundby, C

AU - Olsen, Niels Vidiendal

PY - 2001/5

Y1 - 2001/5

N2 - The present study investigated the effect of a single bout of exhaustive exercise on the generation of DNA strand breaks and oxidative DNA damage under normal conditions and at high-altitude hypoxia (4559 meters for 3 days). Twelve healthy subjects performed a maximal bicycle exercise test; lymphocytes were isolated for analysis of DNA strand breaks and oxidatively altered nucleotides, detected by endonuclease III and formamidipyridine glycosylase (FPG) enzymes. Urine was collected for 24 h periods for analysis of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), a marker of oxidative DNA damage. Urinary excretion of 8-oxodG increased during the first day in altitude hypoxia, and there were more endonuclease III-sensitive sites on day 3 at high altitude. The subjects had more DNA strand breaks in altitude hypoxia than at sea level. The level of DNA strand breaks further increased immediately after exercise in altitude hypoxia. Exercise-induced generation of DNA strand breaks was not seen at sea level. In both environments, the level of FPG and endonuclease III-sensitive sites remained unchanged immediately after exercise. DNA strand breaks and oxidative DNA damage are probably produced by reactive oxygen species, generated by leakage of the mitochondrial respiration or during a hypoxia-induced inflammation. Furthermore, the presence of DNA strand breaks may play an important role in maintaining hypoxia-induced inflammation processes. Hypoxia seems to deplete the antioxidant system of its capacity to withstand oxidative stress produced by exhaustive exercise.

AB - The present study investigated the effect of a single bout of exhaustive exercise on the generation of DNA strand breaks and oxidative DNA damage under normal conditions and at high-altitude hypoxia (4559 meters for 3 days). Twelve healthy subjects performed a maximal bicycle exercise test; lymphocytes were isolated for analysis of DNA strand breaks and oxidatively altered nucleotides, detected by endonuclease III and formamidipyridine glycosylase (FPG) enzymes. Urine was collected for 24 h periods for analysis of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), a marker of oxidative DNA damage. Urinary excretion of 8-oxodG increased during the first day in altitude hypoxia, and there were more endonuclease III-sensitive sites on day 3 at high altitude. The subjects had more DNA strand breaks in altitude hypoxia than at sea level. The level of DNA strand breaks further increased immediately after exercise in altitude hypoxia. Exercise-induced generation of DNA strand breaks was not seen at sea level. In both environments, the level of FPG and endonuclease III-sensitive sites remained unchanged immediately after exercise. DNA strand breaks and oxidative DNA damage are probably produced by reactive oxygen species, generated by leakage of the mitochondrial respiration or during a hypoxia-induced inflammation. Furthermore, the presence of DNA strand breaks may play an important role in maintaining hypoxia-induced inflammation processes. Hypoxia seems to deplete the antioxidant system of its capacity to withstand oxidative stress produced by exhaustive exercise.

KW - Adult

KW - Altitude

KW - Anoxia

KW - Comet Assay

KW - DNA Damage

KW - DNA Repair

KW - DNA-Formamidopyrimidine Glycosylase

KW - Deoxyguanosine

KW - Deoxyribonuclease (Pyrimidine Dimer)

KW - Endodeoxyribonucleases

KW - Escherichia coli Proteins

KW - Exercise

KW - Exercise Test

KW - Female

KW - Humans

KW - Lymphocytes

KW - Male

KW - N-Glycosyl Hydrolases

KW - Oxygen

KW - Oxygen Consumption

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 11344086

SN - 0892-6638

VL - 15

SP - 1181

EP - 1186

JO - F A S E B Journal

JF - F A S E B Journal

IS - 7

ER -