TY - JOUR
T1 - Acute effects of nicotine and smoking on blood flow, tissue oxygen, and aerobe metabolism of the skin and subcutis
AU - Sørensen, Lars Tue
AU - Jørgensen, Stig
AU - Petersen, Lars J
AU - Hemmingsen, Ulla
AU - Bülow, Jens
AU - Loft, Steffen
AU - Gottrup, Finn
PY - 2009
Y1 - 2009
N2 - BACKGROUND: Nicotine released from tobacco smoke causing reduction in blood flow has been suggested as causative for postoperative wound complications in smokers, but the mechanism remains unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In eight healthy male smokers and eight ex-smokers, the cutaneous and subcutaneous blood flow (QBF, SqBF) was assessed by Laser Doppler and 133Xe clearance. Tissue oxygen tension (TO(2)) was measured by a LICOX O(2)-electrode. Tissue glucose and lactate (Tgluc, Tlact) were assessed by microdialysis. The parameters were studied after intravenous infusion of 1.0 mg nicotine, smoking of one cigarette, arterial occlusion, and reperfusion. RESULTS: Nicotine infusion decreased SqBF from 4.2 +/- 2.0 to 3.1 +/- 1.2 mL/100 g tissue/min (P < 0.01), whereas QBF was 21.7 +/- 8.6 and 22.7 +/- 9.6 Arbitrary Units (AU), respectively (P = 0.21). TO(2) increased from 49.3 +/- 12.0 to 53.9 +/- 12.0 mm Hg (P = 0.01). Tgluc and Tlact remained unaffected. Smoking decreased SqBF from 4.2 +/- 2.0 to 2.7 +/- 1.2 mL/100 g tissue/min (P < 0.01). QBF decreased from 23.4 +/- 9.2 to 20.3 +/- 7.4 AU (P < 0.01), and TO(2) decreased from 53.9 +/- 12.0 to 48.4 +/- 11.1 mm Hg (P < 0.01). Following smoking, Tgluc decreased from 0.7 +/- 0.1 to 0.6 +/- 0.1 ng/mL (P < 0.01), and Tlact increased from 0.2 +/- 0.1 to 0.3 +/- 0.2 ng/mL (P < 0.01). The observed alterations were similar in smokers and ex-smokers. CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine has a limited vasoactive effect in the skin and subcutis unlikely to be explained by smoking, which distinctly decreases tissue blood flow, oxygen tension, and aerobe metabolism independent of smoking status.
AB - BACKGROUND: Nicotine released from tobacco smoke causing reduction in blood flow has been suggested as causative for postoperative wound complications in smokers, but the mechanism remains unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In eight healthy male smokers and eight ex-smokers, the cutaneous and subcutaneous blood flow (QBF, SqBF) was assessed by Laser Doppler and 133Xe clearance. Tissue oxygen tension (TO(2)) was measured by a LICOX O(2)-electrode. Tissue glucose and lactate (Tgluc, Tlact) were assessed by microdialysis. The parameters were studied after intravenous infusion of 1.0 mg nicotine, smoking of one cigarette, arterial occlusion, and reperfusion. RESULTS: Nicotine infusion decreased SqBF from 4.2 +/- 2.0 to 3.1 +/- 1.2 mL/100 g tissue/min (P < 0.01), whereas QBF was 21.7 +/- 8.6 and 22.7 +/- 9.6 Arbitrary Units (AU), respectively (P = 0.21). TO(2) increased from 49.3 +/- 12.0 to 53.9 +/- 12.0 mm Hg (P = 0.01). Tgluc and Tlact remained unaffected. Smoking decreased SqBF from 4.2 +/- 2.0 to 2.7 +/- 1.2 mL/100 g tissue/min (P < 0.01). QBF decreased from 23.4 +/- 9.2 to 20.3 +/- 7.4 AU (P < 0.01), and TO(2) decreased from 53.9 +/- 12.0 to 48.4 +/- 11.1 mm Hg (P < 0.01). Following smoking, Tgluc decreased from 0.7 +/- 0.1 to 0.6 +/- 0.1 ng/mL (P < 0.01), and Tlact increased from 0.2 +/- 0.1 to 0.3 +/- 0.2 ng/mL (P < 0.01). The observed alterations were similar in smokers and ex-smokers. CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine has a limited vasoactive effect in the skin and subcutis unlikely to be explained by smoking, which distinctly decreases tissue blood flow, oxygen tension, and aerobe metabolism independent of smoking status.
U2 - 10.1016/j.jss.2008.02.066
DO - 10.1016/j.jss.2008.02.066
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 18468640
SN - 0022-4804
VL - 152
SP - 224
EP - 230
JO - Journal of Surgical Research
JF - Journal of Surgical Research
IS - 2
ER -