A superior ability to suppress fast inappropriate responses in children with Tourette syndrome is further improved by prospect of reward

Katrine Maigaard; Ayna Baladi Nejad; Kasper Winther Andersen; Damian Marc Herz; Julie Hagstrøm; Anne Katrine Pagsberg; Liselotte Skov; Hartwig Roman Siebner; Kerstin Jessica Plessen

doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.05.012

A superior ability to suppress fast inappropriate responses in children with Tourette syndrome is further improved by prospect of reward

Katrine Maigaard, Ayna Baladi Nejad, Kasper Winther Andersen, Damian Marc Herz, Julie Hagstrøm, Anne Katrine Pagsberg, Liselotte Skov, Hartwig Roman Siebner, Kerstin Jessica Plessen

3 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

In children with Tourette syndrome (TS), tics are often attributed to deficient self-control by health-care professionals, parents, and peers. In this behavioural study, we examined response inhibition in TS using a modified Simon task which probes the ability to solve the response conflict between a new non-spatial rule and a highly-overlearned spatial stimulus-response mapping rule. We applied a distributional analysis to the behavioural data, which grouped the trials according to the individual distribution of reaction times in four time bins. Distributional analyses enabled us to probe the children's ability to control fast, impulsive, responses, which corresponded to the trials in the fastest time bin. Additionally, we tested whether the ability to suppress inappropriate action tendencies can be improved further by the prospect of a reward. Forty-one clinically well-characterized medication-naïve children with TS, 20 children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and 43 typically developing children performed a Simon task during alternating epochs with and without a prospect of reward. We applied repeated measures ANCOVAs to estimate how the prospect of reward modulated reaction times and response accuracy, while taking into account the distribution of the reaction times across trials. We found between-group differences in accuracy when subjects responded relatively fast. The TS group responded more accurately than typically developing control children when resolving the response conflict introduced by the Simon task. The opposite pattern was found in children with ADHD. Prospect of reward improved accuracy rates in all groups. Although the Tourette group performed with superior accuracy in the fast trials, it was still possible for them to benefit from prospect of reward in fast trials. The findings corroborate the notion that children with TS have an enhanced capacity to inhibit fast inappropriate response tendencies. This ability can be improved further by offering a prospect of reward which might be useful during non-pharmacological therapeutic interventions.

Original language	English
Journal	Neuropsychologia
Volume	131
Pages (from-to)	342-352
ISSN	0028-3932
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.05.012
Publication status	Published - Aug 2019

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10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.05.012

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@article{d00757a1781c4c4f8e26ced2279e99aa,

title = "A superior ability to suppress fast inappropriate responses in children with Tourette syndrome is further improved by prospect of reward",

abstract = "In children with Tourette syndrome (TS), tics are often attributed to deficient self-control by health-care professionals, parents, and peers. In this behavioural study, we examined response inhibition in TS using a modified Simon task which probes the ability to solve the response conflict between a new non-spatial rule and a highly-overlearned spatial stimulus-response mapping rule. We applied a distributional analysis to the behavioural data, which grouped the trials according to the individual distribution of reaction times in four time bins. Distributional analyses enabled us to probe the children's ability to control fast, impulsive, responses, which corresponded to the trials in the fastest time bin. Additionally, we tested whether the ability to suppress inappropriate action tendencies can be improved further by the prospect of a reward. Forty-one clinically well-characterized medication-na{\"i}ve children with TS, 20 children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and 43 typically developing children performed a Simon task during alternating epochs with and without a prospect of reward. We applied repeated measures ANCOVAs to estimate how the prospect of reward modulated reaction times and response accuracy, while taking into account the distribution of the reaction times across trials. We found between-group differences in accuracy when subjects responded relatively fast. The TS group responded more accurately than typically developing control children when resolving the response conflict introduced by the Simon task. The opposite pattern was found in children with ADHD. Prospect of reward improved accuracy rates in all groups. Although the Tourette group performed with superior accuracy in the fast trials, it was still possible for them to benefit from prospect of reward in fast trials. The findings corroborate the notion that children with TS have an enhanced capacity to inhibit fast inappropriate response tendencies. This ability can be improved further by offering a prospect of reward which might be useful during non-pharmacological therapeutic interventions.",

author = "Katrine Maigaard and Nejad, {Ayna Baladi} and Andersen, {Kasper Winther} and Herz, {Damian Marc} and Julie Hagstr{\o}m and Pagsberg, {Anne Katrine} and Liselotte Skov and Siebner, {Hartwig Roman} and Plessen, {Kerstin Jessica}",

note = "Copyright {\textcopyright} 2019. Published by Elsevier Ltd.",

year = "2019",

month = aug,

doi = "10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.05.012",

language = "English",

volume = "131",

pages = "342--352",

journal = "Neuropsychologia",

issn = "0028-3932",

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T1 - A superior ability to suppress fast inappropriate responses in children with Tourette syndrome is further improved by prospect of reward

AU - Maigaard, Katrine

AU - Nejad, Ayna Baladi

AU - Andersen, Kasper Winther

AU - Herz, Damian Marc

AU - Hagstrøm, Julie

AU - Pagsberg, Anne Katrine

AU - Skov, Liselotte

AU - Siebner, Hartwig Roman

AU - Plessen, Kerstin Jessica

PY - 2019/8

Y1 - 2019/8

N2 - In children with Tourette syndrome (TS), tics are often attributed to deficient self-control by health-care professionals, parents, and peers. In this behavioural study, we examined response inhibition in TS using a modified Simon task which probes the ability to solve the response conflict between a new non-spatial rule and a highly-overlearned spatial stimulus-response mapping rule. We applied a distributional analysis to the behavioural data, which grouped the trials according to the individual distribution of reaction times in four time bins. Distributional analyses enabled us to probe the children's ability to control fast, impulsive, responses, which corresponded to the trials in the fastest time bin. Additionally, we tested whether the ability to suppress inappropriate action tendencies can be improved further by the prospect of a reward. Forty-one clinically well-characterized medication-naïve children with TS, 20 children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and 43 typically developing children performed a Simon task during alternating epochs with and without a prospect of reward. We applied repeated measures ANCOVAs to estimate how the prospect of reward modulated reaction times and response accuracy, while taking into account the distribution of the reaction times across trials. We found between-group differences in accuracy when subjects responded relatively fast. The TS group responded more accurately than typically developing control children when resolving the response conflict introduced by the Simon task. The opposite pattern was found in children with ADHD. Prospect of reward improved accuracy rates in all groups. Although the Tourette group performed with superior accuracy in the fast trials, it was still possible for them to benefit from prospect of reward in fast trials. The findings corroborate the notion that children with TS have an enhanced capacity to inhibit fast inappropriate response tendencies. This ability can be improved further by offering a prospect of reward which might be useful during non-pharmacological therapeutic interventions.

AB - In children with Tourette syndrome (TS), tics are often attributed to deficient self-control by health-care professionals, parents, and peers. In this behavioural study, we examined response inhibition in TS using a modified Simon task which probes the ability to solve the response conflict between a new non-spatial rule and a highly-overlearned spatial stimulus-response mapping rule. We applied a distributional analysis to the behavioural data, which grouped the trials according to the individual distribution of reaction times in four time bins. Distributional analyses enabled us to probe the children's ability to control fast, impulsive, responses, which corresponded to the trials in the fastest time bin. Additionally, we tested whether the ability to suppress inappropriate action tendencies can be improved further by the prospect of a reward. Forty-one clinically well-characterized medication-naïve children with TS, 20 children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and 43 typically developing children performed a Simon task during alternating epochs with and without a prospect of reward. We applied repeated measures ANCOVAs to estimate how the prospect of reward modulated reaction times and response accuracy, while taking into account the distribution of the reaction times across trials. We found between-group differences in accuracy when subjects responded relatively fast. The TS group responded more accurately than typically developing control children when resolving the response conflict introduced by the Simon task. The opposite pattern was found in children with ADHD. Prospect of reward improved accuracy rates in all groups. Although the Tourette group performed with superior accuracy in the fast trials, it was still possible for them to benefit from prospect of reward in fast trials. The findings corroborate the notion that children with TS have an enhanced capacity to inhibit fast inappropriate response tendencies. This ability can be improved further by offering a prospect of reward which might be useful during non-pharmacological therapeutic interventions.

U2 - 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.05.012

DO - 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.05.012

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 31103639

SN - 0028-3932

VL - 131

SP - 342

EP - 352

JO - Neuropsychologia

JF - Neuropsychologia

ER -

A superior ability to suppress fast inappropriate responses in children with Tourette syndrome is further improved by prospect of reward

Abstract

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