A cautious iodization program bringing iodine intake to a low recommended level is associated with an increase in the prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies in the population

Inge Bülow Pedersen; Nils Knudsen; Allan Carlé; Pernille Vejbjerg; Torben Jørgensen; Hans Perrild; Lars Ovesen; Lone Banke Rasmussen; Peter Laurberg

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2011.04008.x

A cautious iodization program bringing iodine intake to a low recommended level is associated with an increase in the prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies in the population

Inge Bülow Pedersen, Nils Knudsen, Allan Carlé, Pernille Vejbjerg, Torben Jørgensen, Hans Perrild, Lars Ovesen, Lone Banke Rasmussen, Peter Laurberg

Department of Public Health

93 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Autoantibodies against the thyroid gland with thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) and thyroglobulin antibody (Tg-Ab) as the most common can often be demonstrated in serum. The effect of public iodization programmes on antibody prevalence is uncertain. Aim To measure the concentrations of thyroid autoantibodies in the Danish population before and after mandatory iodization of salt. Methods Two identical cross-sectional population studies were performed before (Cohort 1 (C1), year 1997-1998, n = 4649, median urinary iodine 61 μg/l) and 4-5 years after (Cohort 2 (C2), year 2004-2005, n = 3570, median urinary iodine 101 μg/l) mandatory iodine fortification of salt was implemented in Denmark. Blood tests were analysed for TPO-Ab and Tg-Ab using sensitive assays. Results Antibodies were more frequent in C2 than in C1: TPO-Ab > 30 U/ml, C1 vs C2: 14·3 vs 23·8% (P < 0·001) and Tg-Ab > 20 U/ml, C1 vs C2: 13·7 vs 19·9% (P < 0·001). The C2 vs C1 effect was confirmed in multivariate regression models (C1 reference): TPO-Ab: OR (95% CI): 1·80 (1·59-2·04) and Tg-Ab: 1·49 (1·31-1·69). The increase in the frequency of thyroid antibodies was most pronounced in young women and especially observed at low concentrations of antibodies. Conclusion The prevalence of both TPO-Ab and Tg-Ab was higher 4-5 years after a cautious iodine fortification of salt was introduced in Denmark. The increase was most pronounced in young women and in the low concentrations of antibody. Further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term effects of increased iodine intake on thyroid autoimmunity in the population.

Original language	English
Journal	Clinical Endocrinology
Volume	75
Issue number	1
Pages (from-to)	120-126
ISSN	0300-0664
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2265.2011.04008.x
Publication status	Published - Jul 2011

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10.1111/j.1365-2265.2011.04008.x

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Pedersen, I. B., Knudsen, N., Carlé, A., Vejbjerg, P., Jørgensen, T., Perrild, H., Ovesen, L., Rasmussen, L. B., & Laurberg, P. (2011). A cautious iodization program bringing iodine intake to a low recommended level is associated with an increase in the prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies in the population. Clinical Endocrinology, 75(1), 120-126. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2265.2011.04008.x

A cautious iodization program bringing iodine intake to a low recommended level is associated with an increase in the prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies in the population. / Pedersen, Inge Bülow; Knudsen, Nils; Carlé, Allan et al.
In: Clinical Endocrinology, Vol. 75, No. 1, 07.2011, p. 120-126.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

Pedersen, IB, Knudsen, N, Carlé, A, Vejbjerg, P, Jørgensen, T, Perrild, H , Ovesen, L, Rasmussen, LB & Laurberg, P 2011, 'A cautious iodization program bringing iodine intake to a low recommended level is associated with an increase in the prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies in the population', Clinical Endocrinology, vol. 75, no. 1, pp. 120-126. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2265.2011.04008.x

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title = "A cautious iodization program bringing iodine intake to a low recommended level is associated with an increase in the prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies in the population",

abstract = "Autoantibodies against the thyroid gland with thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) and thyroglobulin antibody (Tg-Ab) as the most common can often be demonstrated in serum. The effect of public iodization programmes on antibody prevalence is uncertain. Aim To measure the concentrations of thyroid autoantibodies in the Danish population before and after mandatory iodization of salt. Methods Two identical cross-sectional population studies were performed before (Cohort 1 (C1), year 1997-1998, n = 4649, median urinary iodine 61 μg/l) and 4-5 years after (Cohort 2 (C2), year 2004-2005, n = 3570, median urinary iodine 101 μg/l) mandatory iodine fortification of salt was implemented in Denmark. Blood tests were analysed for TPO-Ab and Tg-Ab using sensitive assays. Results Antibodies were more frequent in C2 than in C1: TPO-Ab > 30 U/ml, C1 vs C2: 14·3 vs 23·8% (P < 0·001) and Tg-Ab > 20 U/ml, C1 vs C2: 13·7 vs 19·9% (P < 0·001). The C2 vs C1 effect was confirmed in multivariate regression models (C1 reference): TPO-Ab: OR (95% CI): 1·80 (1·59-2·04) and Tg-Ab: 1·49 (1·31-1·69). The increase in the frequency of thyroid antibodies was most pronounced in young women and especially observed at low concentrations of antibodies. Conclusion The prevalence of both TPO-Ab and Tg-Ab was higher 4-5 years after a cautious iodine fortification of salt was introduced in Denmark. The increase was most pronounced in young women and in the low concentrations of antibody. Further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term effects of increased iodine intake on thyroid autoimmunity in the population.",

author = "Pedersen, {Inge B{\"u}low} and Nils Knudsen and Allan Carl{\'e} and Pernille Vejbjerg and Torben J{\o}rgensen and Hans Perrild and Lars Ovesen and Rasmussen, {Lone Banke} and Peter Laurberg",

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doi = "10.1111/j.1365-2265.2011.04008.x",

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T1 - A cautious iodization program bringing iodine intake to a low recommended level is associated with an increase in the prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies in the population

AU - Pedersen, Inge Bülow

AU - Knudsen, Nils

AU - Carlé, Allan

AU - Vejbjerg, Pernille

AU - Jørgensen, Torben

AU - Perrild, Hans

AU - Ovesen, Lars

AU - Rasmussen, Lone Banke

AU - Laurberg, Peter

PY - 2011/7

Y1 - 2011/7

N2 - Autoantibodies against the thyroid gland with thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) and thyroglobulin antibody (Tg-Ab) as the most common can often be demonstrated in serum. The effect of public iodization programmes on antibody prevalence is uncertain. Aim To measure the concentrations of thyroid autoantibodies in the Danish population before and after mandatory iodization of salt. Methods Two identical cross-sectional population studies were performed before (Cohort 1 (C1), year 1997-1998, n = 4649, median urinary iodine 61 μg/l) and 4-5 years after (Cohort 2 (C2), year 2004-2005, n = 3570, median urinary iodine 101 μg/l) mandatory iodine fortification of salt was implemented in Denmark. Blood tests were analysed for TPO-Ab and Tg-Ab using sensitive assays. Results Antibodies were more frequent in C2 than in C1: TPO-Ab > 30 U/ml, C1 vs C2: 14·3 vs 23·8% (P < 0·001) and Tg-Ab > 20 U/ml, C1 vs C2: 13·7 vs 19·9% (P < 0·001). The C2 vs C1 effect was confirmed in multivariate regression models (C1 reference): TPO-Ab: OR (95% CI): 1·80 (1·59-2·04) and Tg-Ab: 1·49 (1·31-1·69). The increase in the frequency of thyroid antibodies was most pronounced in young women and especially observed at low concentrations of antibodies. Conclusion The prevalence of both TPO-Ab and Tg-Ab was higher 4-5 years after a cautious iodine fortification of salt was introduced in Denmark. The increase was most pronounced in young women and in the low concentrations of antibody. Further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term effects of increased iodine intake on thyroid autoimmunity in the population.

AB - Autoantibodies against the thyroid gland with thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) and thyroglobulin antibody (Tg-Ab) as the most common can often be demonstrated in serum. The effect of public iodization programmes on antibody prevalence is uncertain. Aim To measure the concentrations of thyroid autoantibodies in the Danish population before and after mandatory iodization of salt. Methods Two identical cross-sectional population studies were performed before (Cohort 1 (C1), year 1997-1998, n = 4649, median urinary iodine 61 μg/l) and 4-5 years after (Cohort 2 (C2), year 2004-2005, n = 3570, median urinary iodine 101 μg/l) mandatory iodine fortification of salt was implemented in Denmark. Blood tests were analysed for TPO-Ab and Tg-Ab using sensitive assays. Results Antibodies were more frequent in C2 than in C1: TPO-Ab > 30 U/ml, C1 vs C2: 14·3 vs 23·8% (P < 0·001) and Tg-Ab > 20 U/ml, C1 vs C2: 13·7 vs 19·9% (P < 0·001). The C2 vs C1 effect was confirmed in multivariate regression models (C1 reference): TPO-Ab: OR (95% CI): 1·80 (1·59-2·04) and Tg-Ab: 1·49 (1·31-1·69). The increase in the frequency of thyroid antibodies was most pronounced in young women and especially observed at low concentrations of antibodies. Conclusion The prevalence of both TPO-Ab and Tg-Ab was higher 4-5 years after a cautious iodine fortification of salt was introduced in Denmark. The increase was most pronounced in young women and in the low concentrations of antibody. Further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term effects of increased iodine intake on thyroid autoimmunity in the population.

U2 - 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2011.04008.x

DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2011.04008.x

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 21521277

SN - 0300-0664

VL - 75

SP - 120

EP - 126

JO - Clinical Endocrinology

JF - Clinical Endocrinology

IS - 1

ER -

A cautious iodization program bringing iodine intake to a low recommended level is associated with an increase in the prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies in the population

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