Use of serum concentrations of interleukin-18 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 as prognostic indicators in primary immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in dogs

TY - JOUR

T1 - Use of serum concentrations of interleukin-18 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 as prognostic indicators in primary immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in dogs

AU - Kjelgaard-Hansen, Mads

AU - Goggs, R.

AU - Wiinberg, Bo

AU - Chan, D.L.

PY - 2011/1

Y1 - 2011/1

N2 - Background: The cytokine response in immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) is poorly characterized and correlation with outcome is unknown.Hypothesis/Objectives: To determine if cytokine activity is correlated with outcome in dogs with IMHA.Animals: Twenty dogs with primary IMHA and 6 control dogs.Methods: Prospective study on dogs with IMHA with blood sampling at admission. Serum activity of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-15, IL-18, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interferon-inducible protein-10, interferon-gamma, and keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC) was assessed.Results: Thirty-day case fatality rate was 25% (5/20 dogs). Increased concentrations (median [range]) of IL-2 (45.5 ng/L [0;830] versus 0 ng/L [0;46.8]), IL-10 (8.2 ng/L [0;60.6] versus 0 ng/L [0;88.2]), KC (1.7 μg/L [0.3;4.7] versus 0.5 μg/L [0.2;1.1]), and MCP-1 (162 ng/L [97.6;438] versus 124 ng/L [90.2;168]) were observed in dogs with IMHA compared with controls. The cytokine profile was indicative of a mixture of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines of various cellular origins. Cytokines/chemokines strongly associated with macrophage/monocyte activation and recruitment were significantly increased in nonsurvivors compared with survivors; IL-15 (179 ng/L [48.0;570] versus 21.3 ng/L [0;193]), IL-18 (199 ng/L [58.7;915] versus 37.4 ng/L [0;128]), GM-CSF (134 ng/L [70.0;863] versus 57.6 ng/L [0;164]), and MCP-1 (219 ng/L [135;438] versus 159 ng/L [97.6;274]), respectively. Logistic regression suggested increased IL-18 and MCP-1 concentrations were independently associated with mortality in this population (P<05, Wald's type 3).Conclusions and Clinical Importance: A mixed cytokine response is present in dogs with IMHA and mediators of macrophage activation and recruitment might serve as prognostic indicators.

AB - Background: The cytokine response in immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) is poorly characterized and correlation with outcome is unknown.Hypothesis/Objectives: To determine if cytokine activity is correlated with outcome in dogs with IMHA.Animals: Twenty dogs with primary IMHA and 6 control dogs.Methods: Prospective study on dogs with IMHA with blood sampling at admission. Serum activity of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-15, IL-18, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interferon-inducible protein-10, interferon-gamma, and keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC) was assessed.Results: Thirty-day case fatality rate was 25% (5/20 dogs). Increased concentrations (median [range]) of IL-2 (45.5 ng/L [0;830] versus 0 ng/L [0;46.8]), IL-10 (8.2 ng/L [0;60.6] versus 0 ng/L [0;88.2]), KC (1.7 μg/L [0.3;4.7] versus 0.5 μg/L [0.2;1.1]), and MCP-1 (162 ng/L [97.6;438] versus 124 ng/L [90.2;168]) were observed in dogs with IMHA compared with controls. The cytokine profile was indicative of a mixture of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines of various cellular origins. Cytokines/chemokines strongly associated with macrophage/monocyte activation and recruitment were significantly increased in nonsurvivors compared with survivors; IL-15 (179 ng/L [48.0;570] versus 21.3 ng/L [0;193]), IL-18 (199 ng/L [58.7;915] versus 37.4 ng/L [0;128]), GM-CSF (134 ng/L [70.0;863] versus 57.6 ng/L [0;164]), and MCP-1 (219 ng/L [135;438] versus 159 ng/L [97.6;274]), respectively. Logistic regression suggested increased IL-18 and MCP-1 concentrations were independently associated with mortality in this population (P<05, Wald's type 3).Conclusions and Clinical Importance: A mixed cytokine response is present in dogs with IMHA and mediators of macrophage activation and recruitment might serve as prognostic indicators.

U2 - 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0642.x

DO - 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0642.x

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 21092010

SN - 0891-6640

VL - 25

SP - 76

EP - 82

JO - Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

JF - Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

IS - 1

ER -