@article{5c6f7370524211dd8d9f000ea68e967b,
title = "Transforming growth factor-beta, but not ciliary neurotrophic factor, inhibits DNA synthesis of adrenal medullary cells in vitro.",
abstract = "Transforming growth factor-betas are members of a superfamily of multifunctional cytokines regulating cell growth and differentiation. Their functions in neural and endocrine cells are not well understood. We show here that transforming growth factor-betas are synthesized, stored and released by the neuroendocrine chromaffin cells, which also express the transforming growth factor-beta receptor type II. In contrast to the developmentally related sympathetic neurons, chromaffin cells continue to proliferate throughout postnatal life. Using 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine pulse labeling and tyrosine hydroxylase immunocytochemistry as a marker for young postnatal rat chromaffin cells, we show that treatment with fibroblast growth factor-2 (1 nM) and insulin-like growth factor-II (10 nM) increased the fraction of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine-labeled nuclei from 1% to about 40% of the cells in the absence of serum. In the presence of fibroblast growth factor-2 and insulin-like growth factor-II, transforming growth factor-beta1 (0.08 nM) reduced 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine labeling by about 50%, without interfering with chromaffin cell survival or death. Doses lower and higher than 0.08 nM were less effective. Similar effects were seen with transforming growth factor-beta3. In contrast to transforming growth factor-beta, ciliary neurotrophic factor, which inhibits proliferation of sympathetic progenitor cells, was not effective on rat chromaffin cells from postnatal day 6. Glucocorticoids also suppress DNA synthesis in fibroblast growth factor-2/insulin-like growth factor-II-treated chromaffin cells. This effect was not mediated by chromaffin cell-derived transforming growth factor-beta, as shown by addition of neutralizing antibodies. We conclude that one function of adrenal medullary transforming growth factor-beta may be to act as a negative regulator of chromaffin cell division.",
author = "N Wolf and K Krohn and S Bieger and M Fr{\"o}din and S Gammeltoft and K Krieglstein and K Unsicker",
note = "Keywords: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Carbachol; Cattle; Cell Nucleus; Cells, Cultured; Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor; DNA; DNA Primers; DNA Replication; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; Humans; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II; Nerve Growth Factors; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Protein Isoforms; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; Recombinant Proteins; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase",
year = "1999",
language = "English",
volume = "90",
pages = "629--41",
journal = "Neuroscience",
issn = "0306-4522",
publisher = "Pergamon Press",
number = "2",
}